Chest
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Associations between tobacco use and poor TB treatment outcomes are well documented. However, for important outcomes such as TB recurrence or relapse and mortality during treatment, as well as for associations with smokeless tobacco (ST), the evidence is not summarized systematically. ⋯ Tobacco use significantly increases the risk of TB recurrence or relapse and mortality during treatment among people with TB, highlighting the need to address tobacco use to improve TB outcomes.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Comparative effectiveness of first-line and alternative antibiotic regimens in hospitalized patients with non-severe community acquired pneumonia: A multi-centre retrospective cohort study.
There are several antibiotic regimens to treat community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). ⋯ BL+M, FQ, and BL+D had similar outcomes and can be considered effective regimens for nonsevere CAP. Compared with BL+M, BL was associated with longer time to discharge and the CI for mortality cannot exclude a small but clinically important increase in risk.
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The 2022 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society pulmonary hypertension (PH) guidelines incorporate cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging metrics in the risk stratification of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Thresholds to identify patients at estimated 1-year mortality risks of < 5%, 5% to 20%, and > 20% are introduced. However, these cutoff values are mostly single center-based and require external validation. ⋯ Risk stratifying patients with PAH with the recent proposed CMR cutoffs from the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society 2022 PH guidelines requires adjustment because post-processing consensus is lacking and general applicability is limited. Risk assessment at follow-up yielded better survival discrimination, emphasizing the importance of the individual treatment response.
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Uncertainty exists about the impact of OSA and its phenotypes on cardiovascular disease. ⋯ OSA, particularly with EDS, predicts the incidence and progression of CAC. These results support biological plausibility for the increased cardiovascular risk observed among patients with OSA with excessive sleepiness.
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Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a recurrent, chronic disease defined by fibroinflammatory narrowing of the subglottic airway. A key challenge in treatment is monitoring disease progression, which may be debilitating and unpredictable in its timing. ⋯ iSGS disease severity can be modeled using the SGS-6 questionnaire, offering physicians and patients a potentially new method of tracking disease progression and need for intervention remotely.