Childhood obesity
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Background: Little information is available on the trends in severe pediatric obesity in China. Therefore, we aimed to examine the trends in overweight, obesity, and severe obesity in Chinese children from 1991 to 2015. Methods: Overall, 17,004 children aged 6-17 years were included in this study, which was based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991-2015. ⋯ We observed a significant positive trend in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity in the pediatric population [odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 1.23 (1.21, 1.26), 1.30 (1.26, 1.34), and 1.52 (1.41, 1.63), respectively; all ps < 0.001]. These results did not differ significantly between subgroups of sex, age, and region, or when Chinese national reference standards were used. Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood overweight, obesity, and particularly severe obesity in China increased significantly from 1991 to 2015.
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Background: Differences in weight status by socioeconomic position occur during adolescence and is known as weight social gradient (WSG). The PRALIMAP (Promotion de l'ALIMentation et de l'Activité Physique) trial highlighted that a universal intervention was effective in reducing overweight and obesity prevalence among adolescents. However, its ability to reduce the WSG is unclear. ⋯ Similar results were observed for adolescents whatever the interventional strategy they benefited from in the PRALIMAP trial. Conclusions: This study provided no evidence that the PRALIMAP universal intervention was effective in reducing the socioeconomic inequalities in weight status among adolescents. Different interventions that account for social differences should be considered to tackle these inequalities.
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Few preschool children meet physical activity recommendations, whereas the majority exceeds screen-time recommendations. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of screen-time policies and practices with children's physical activity and sedentary time in early care and education (ECE) centers. ⋯ Limiting computer usage and ensuring screen-time is educational, and integrated within the curriculum may benefit children's physical activity levels and reduce time spent sedentary.
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There is growing evidence of variations in adiposity trajectories among individuals, but the influence of early life growth patterns on these trajectories is underresearched in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, our aim was to examine the association between early life conditional weight gain and childhood adiposity trajectories. ⋯ Excessive weight gain in infancy and early childhood, independent of linear growth, predicts childhood and adolescent BMI trajectories toward obesity. These results underscore the importance of early life factors in the development of obesity and other NCDs in later life.
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The genetic contribution to obesity and to circulating adipokine levels has not been completely clarified. We aimed to evaluate adipokine genes' single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) prevalence and its association with circulating adipokine levels and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in an obese Portuguese pediatric population. ⋯ Our data demonstrate that in pediatric obese patients, some adipokine gene SNPs have an association with circulating adipokine levels and lipid profile.