American journal of public health
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We sought to characterize substance use patterns in young men who have sex with men (MSM) in 7 US urban areas and sociodemographic characteristics and history associated with such use. ⋯ Effective drug prevention and treatment programs addressing local drug-use patterns and associated factors are urgently needed for young MSM, a population with a high rate of illicit drug use.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Stage at diagnosis and survival in a multiethnic cohort of prostate cancer patients.
We evaluated the effects of socioeconomic status and comorbidity on stage of disease and survival among 1509 population-based prostate cancer patients. ⋯ These findings support the need for further investigation of factors that affect access to and use of health care among African Americans and Asian Americans.
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We sought to synthesize evidence of the health effects of construction of new roads by systematically reviewing observational studies of such effects. We included and critically appraised 32 studies. The review suggested that out-of-town bypasses decrease injuries on main roads through or around towns, although more robust evidence is needed on effects on secondary roads. ⋯ Out-of-town bypasses reduce disturbance and community severance in towns but increase them elsewhere. Major urban roads increase disturbance and severance. More robust research is needed in this area, particularly regarding effects of new roads on respiratory health, mental health, access to health services, and physical activity.