American journal of public health
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Front-of-Pack Labeling and the Nutritional Quality of Students' Food Purchases: A 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.
Objectives. To assess the effects of the Nutri-Score label (relative to the Reference Intakes label or no label) on the nutritional quality of students' food purchases. Methods. ⋯ Shopping cart content was lower in calories and saturated fatty acids and higher in fruits and vegetables in the Nutri-Score arm than in the other arms. Conclusions. The Nutri-Score label appeared to improve the nutritional composition of students' food purchases relative to the Reference Intakes label or no label.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Housing first improves residential stability in homeless adults with concurrent substance dependence and mental disorders.
We examined the relationship between substance dependence and residential stability in homeless adults with current mental disorders 12 months after randomization to Housing First programs or treatment as usual (no housing or support through the study). ⋯ People with mental disorders might achieve similar levels of housing stability from Housing First regardless of whether they experience concurrent substance dependence.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Maternal perceptions of help from home visits by nurse-community health worker teams.
We used data from a home visiting trial to examine low-income women's perceptions of services received from nurses (the community care [CC] group) and from a nurse-community health worker (CHW) team. More mothers in the nurse-CHW group than in the CC group reported receiving help in all of the categories assessed. For both groups, assistance with health education ranked highest among the types of assistance received. A higher percentage of women in the nurse-CHW group than the CC group reported that they received psychosocial help.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The treatment of smoking by US physicians during ambulatory visits: 1994 2003.
We sought to determine whether US physicians' practice patterns in treating tobacco use at ambulatory visits improved over the past decade with the appearance of national clinical practice guidelines, new smoking cessation medications, and public reporting of physician performance in counseling smokers. ⋯ In the past decade, there has been a small increase in physicians' rates of patients' smoking status identification and a small decrease in rates of counseling smokers. This lack of progress may reflect barriers in the US health care environment, including limited physician time to provide counseling.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Communal housing settings enhance substance abuse recovery.
Oxford Houses are democratic, mutual help-oriented recovery homes for individuals with substance abuse histories. There are more than 1200 of these houses in the United States, and each home is operated independently by its residents, without help from professional staff. In a recent experiment, 150 individuals in Illinois were randomly assigned to either an Oxford House or usual-care condition (i.e., outpatient treatment or self-help groups) after substance abuse treatment discharge. At the 24-month follow-up, those in the Oxford House condition compared with the usual-care condition had significantly lower substance use, significantly higher monthly income, and significantly lower incarceration rates.