The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York
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The new reproductive technologies have dramatic social implications, undermining previous biological assumptions about the relationships between mothers and fathers and children within families. Insofar as we may now distinguish between genetic motherhood, gestational motherhood, and social motherhood, three different women may participate in the decision to produce a child. Who is its "real" mother? Given the complicated interpenetration of nature and technology within reproductive situations today, we need to develop new social accounts of what it means to create a family. We require new narratives that highlight the wondrous kinship possibilities afforded by the new reproductive technologies while at the same time articulating the responsibilities of parenthood within new familial groupings.
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Biomedical practices and research in procreation are shaped by three ideologies deeply rooted in American society: patriarchy with its control of women's bodies in the interest of men's procreative concerns and with its focus on 'seeds' and therefore genetics; technology as an ideology of efficiency, productivity, rationality, and control; and capitalism both as an ideology and as a practice, a mechanism that markets technologies of procreation.
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An effective response to injury or inflammation requires leukocyte migration from the endovascular compartment into areas of inflammation. This process requires the appropriate expression of adhesion molecules, which mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. ⋯ The role of cell adhesion molecules in a variety of pathological conditions, including graft rejection, reperfusion injury, and acute lung injury are discussed. In addition, some recent studies that explore therapeutic uses of adhesion molecules are summarized.