Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Use of the cuffed oropharyngeal airway as an alternative to the laryngeal mask airway with positive-pressure ventilation.
The cuffed oropharyngeal airway is a modified Guedel-type oral airway with a cuff at its distal end. The objectives of this study were to compare the ability of the cuffed oropharyngeal airway and the laryngeal mask airway to provide positive-pressure ventilation during general anesthesia, and to assess their relative ease of use and ability to reduce total fresh gas flow rates. ⋯ Positive-pressure ventilation is possible with the laryngeal mask airway and cuffed oropharyngeal airway devices. Although the cuffed oropharyngeal airway can be inserted easily by inexperienced users with a high first-attempt success rate (> 90%), manipulations of the device may be required to maintain a patent airway. The laryngeal mask airway device allows positive-pressure ventilation at slightly greater peak inspiratory pressures.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery.
Changes in acid-base balance caused by infusion of a 0.9% saline solution during anesthesia and surgery are poorly characterized. Therefore, the authors evaluated these phenomena in a dose-response study. ⋯ Infusion of approximately 30 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1) saline during anesthesia and surgery inevitably leads to metabolic acidosis, which is not observed after administration of lactated Ringer's solution. The acidosis is associated with hyperchloremia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Sevoflurane-induced reduction of hypoxic drive is sex-independent.
Although the mu-opioid agonist morphine affects ventilatory control in men and women in different ways, no data exist regarding the influence of sex on the ventilatory effects of inhalational anesthetics. The authors compared the effect of sevoflurane on the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia in healthy young men and women. ⋯ In contrast to morphine, the influence of a low dose of the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane on the ventilatory response to hypoxia is independent of sex.
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Comparative Study
Continuous cardiac output in septic shock by simulating a model of the aortic input impedance: a comparison with bolus injection thermodilution.
To compare continuous cardiac output obtained by simulation of an aortic input impedance model to bolus injection thermodilution (TDCO) in critically ill patients with septic shock. ⋯ In mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock, changes in bolus TDCO are reflected by calibrated MCO over a range of cardiac output values. A single calibration of the model appears sufficient to monitor continuous cardiac output over a 2-day period with a bias of -0.1 +/- 0.8 l/min.
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Comparative Study
Spinal versus epidural anesthesia for cesarean section in severely preeclamptic patients: a retrospective survey.
Selection of spinal anesthesia for severely preeclamptic patients requiring cesarean section is controversial. Significant maternal hypotension is believed to be more likely with spinal compared with epidural anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to assess, in a large retrospective clinical series, the blood pressure effects of spinal and epidural anesthesia in severely preeclamptic patients requiring cesarean section. ⋯ Although we cannot exclude the possibility that the spinal and epidural anesthesia groups were dissimilar, the magnitudes of maternal blood pressure declines were similar after spinal or epidural anesthesia in this series of severely preeclamptic patients receiving cesarean section. Maternal and fetal outcomes also were similar.