Anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Prophylactic ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following pediatric strabismus surgery: a dose-response study.
This study evaluated the antiemetic effectiveness, dose-response, and clinical usefulness of prophylactic ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing strabismus repair. ⋯ The routine prophylactic use of ondansetron at a dose of 75 microg/kg is as effective as 150 microg/kg in preventing PONV and improving the "true" outcome measures after strabismus repair in children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Plasma concentration of fentanyl with xenon to block somatic and hemodynamic responses to surgical incision.
Although anesthesia with xenon has been supplemented with fentanyl, its requirement has not been established. This study was conducted to determine the plasma concentrations of fentanyl necessary to suppress somatic and hemodynamic responses to surgical incision in 50% patients in the presence of 0.7 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) xenon. ⋯ Comparing these results with previously published results in the presence of 70% nitrous oxide, the fentanyl requirement in xenon anesthesia is smaller than that in the equianesthetic nitrous oxide anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, droperidol, or placebo.
In an era of growing economic constraints on healthcare delivery, anesthesiologists are increasingly expected to understand cost analysis and evaluate clinical practices. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are distressing for patients and may increase costs in an ambulatory surgical unit. The authors compared the cost-effectiveness of four prophylactic intravenous regimens for PONV: 4 mg ondansetron, 0.625 mg droperidol, 1.25 mg droperidol, and placebo. ⋯ The use of prophylactic antiemetic therapy in high-risk ambulatory surgical patients was more effective in preventing PONV and achieved greater patient satisfaction at a lower cost compared with placebo. The use of 1.25 mg droperidol intravenously was associated with greater effectiveness, lower costs, and similar patient satisfaction compared with 0.625 mg droperidol intravenously and 4 mg ondansetron intravenously.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Both EMLA and placebo cream reduced pain during extracorporeal piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy with the Piezolith 2300.
The objectives were to determine whether a eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) or placebo cream reduces pain during extracorporeal piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy (EPSWL), and to determine which of the components of the application (i.e., the occlusive dressing, the cream, or the local anesthetic) contributes to analgesia. ⋯ EMLA and placebo creams under occlusive dressing reduced pain during EPSWL. The presence of the cream itself as a coupling medium contributed to analgesia. This may be a useful, simple, safe, and economical adjuvant technique to reduce pain during immersion EPSWL.