Anesthesiology
-
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Neural mechanisms of antinociceptive effects of hypnosis.
The neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of pain perception by hypnosis remain obscure. In this study, we used positron emission tomography in 11 healthy volunteers to identify the brain areas in which hypnosis modulates cerebral responses to a noxious stimulus. ⋯ Both intensity and unpleasantness of the noxious stimuli are reduced during the hypnotic state. In addition, hypnotic modulation of pain is mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Airway management during spaceflight: A comparison of four airway devices in simulated microgravity.
The authors compared airway management in normogravity and simulated microgravity with and without restraints for laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation, the cuffed oropharyngeal airway, the standard laryngeal mask airway, and the intubating laryngeal mask airway. ⋯ The emphasis placed on the use of restraints for conventional tracheal intubation in microgravity is appropriate. Extratracheal airway devices may be useful when restraints cannot be applied or intubation is difficult.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Extent of hyperbaric spinal anesthesia influences the duration of spinal block.
The influence of spread of spinal anesthesia on the duration of spinal blockade has been suggested but never investigated specifically. Because elimination of local anesthetic from subarachnoid space is probably dependent of the surface available for its diffusion and vascular absorption, the current study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that with a same dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine, a higher anesthetic level would result in a shorter duration of spinal blockade than a lower level. ⋯ The results indicate that with the same dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine, the duration of spinal blockade is longer in patients with restricted spread.
-
Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Citrate storage affects Thrombelastograph analysis.
Thrombelastograph analysis (TEG) is used to evaluate blood coagulation. Ideally, whole blood is immediately processed. If impossible, blood may be citrated and assessed after recalcification. No data describe the effect of such treatment and storage on TEG parameters. ⋯ Analysis of native blood yields the most reliable TEG results. Should immediate TEG processing not be possible, citrated blood may be used if recalcified after 1-8 h.
-
The authors hypothesized that patients with cerebrovascular abnormalities or metabolic disorders may experience abnormality in cerebral circulation more frequently than patients without these risks. The current study attempted to assess jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation (SjvO2) in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus or stroke undergoing normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. ⋯ A reduced SjvO2 value was observed more frequently in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus or stroke during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. It is possible that cerebral circulation during normothermic bypass is altered in patients with risk factors for cerebrovascular disorder.