Anesthesiology
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To determine the role of nitric oxide and adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) vascular channels in vascular decompensation during controlled hemorrhagic shock in swine. ⋯ The data indicate that profound KATP activation associated with increased nitric oxide concentrations and inducible nitric oxide synthase induction is a key factor in vascular smooth muscle hyporeactivity characteristic of the late decompensatory phase of hemorrhagic shock in swine.
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Although clonidine is commonly combined with local anesthetics to extend duration of peripheral nerve block, the mechanism by which clonidine potentiates local anesthetic action in vivo is unclear. ⋯ The findings indicate that prolongation of duration of in vivo lidocaine nerve blockade by clonidine is not mediated by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism but likely involves the Ih current.