Anesthesiology
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Isoflurane pretreatment can induce protection against lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-induced injury and activation of mouse microglial cells. This study's goal was to determine whether delayed isoflurane treatment is protective. ⋯ These results suggest that delayed isoflurane treatment can reduce lipopolysaccharide and IFNgamma-induced activation and injury of microglial cells. These effects may be mediated by protein kinase C.
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Hemorrhagic shock is associated with changes in vascular responsiveness that may lead to organ dysfunction and, ultimately, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Volatile anesthetics interfere with vasoresponsiveness, which may contribute to organ hypoperfusion. In this study, the authors examined the influence of adjunct nitrous oxide on the vascular responsiveness after short-term hemorrhagic shock under isoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ Adjunct nitrous oxide attenuates shock-induced changes in vascular reactivity and cyclooxygenases expression of mice under isoflurane anesthesia. This implies that vascular reactive properties during anesthesia in hemorrhagic shock conditions may be influenced by the choice of anesthetics.
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Lipid emulsion infusion reverses local anesthetic-induced cardiac toxicity, but the effect of adding epinephrine has not been studied. We compared escalating doses of epinephrine on recovery with lipid infusion in a rat model of bupivacaine overdose. ⋯ Epinephrine over a threshold dose near 10 mcg/kg impairs lipid resuscitation from bupivacaine overdose, possibly by inducing hyperlactatemia.
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The volatile anesthetics desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane have been found to produce neuroprotection in various paradigms. The authors used these agents in a delayed preconditioning model to test the hypothesis that they could provide neuroprotection against neonatal hypoxia-ischemia as assessed by a battery of behavioral tests. ⋯ Volatile agent preconditioning partially protects perirhinal cortex and striatal dependent functions against moderate to severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.