Anesthesiology
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The current study examined the role(s) of autophagy in myotoxicity induced by bupivacaine in mouse myoblast C2c12 cells. ⋯ The data suggest that autophagosome formation was induced as a stress response mechanism after bupivacaine challenge; however, autophagosome clearance was impaired due to inadequate autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Therefore, impairment of autophagosome clearance appears to be a novel mechanism underlying bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity.
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Intravenous drug infusion driven by syringe pumps may lead to substantial temporal lags in achieving steady-state delivery at target levels when using very low flow rates ("microinfusion"). This study evaluated computer algorithms for reducing temporal lags via coordinated control of drug and carrier flows. ⋯ Compared with conventional methods, algorithm-based computer control of carrier and drug flows can improve drug delivery by pump-driven intravenous infusion to better match intent. For norepinephrine infusions, the amount of drug reaching the bloodstream per time appears to be a dominant factor in the hemodynamic response to infusion.
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Biography Historical Article
The Monuments Men: In the History of Anesthesia, Too.
A 2014 American-German war movie directed by and starring George Clooney (Actor, Screenwriter, Film Director, and Producer; Los Angeles, California and Laglio, Italy) (1961-current) popularized the work of a special United States Army unit devoted to the rescue of art treasures stolen or hidden by the Nazis during World War II. A similar story occurred in Paris to a curious little monument closely linked to the history of Anesthesia. This happened about 70 years ago, in December 1944.
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The pivotal role of glial activation and up-regulated inflammatory mediators in the opioid tolerance has been confirmed in rodents but not yet in humans. Here, the authors investigated the intraspinal cytokine and chemokine profiles of opioid-tolerant cancer patients; and to determine if up-regulated chemokines could modify opioid tolerance in rats. ⋯ CXCL1 is up-regulated in both opioid-tolerant patients and rodents. The onset and extent of opioid tolerance was affected by antagonizing intrathecal CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling. Therefore, the CXCL1/CXCR2 signal pathway may be a novel target for the treatment of opioid tolerance.