Anesthesiology
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The objective was to investigate if cryoneurolysis were superior to sham in reducing pain intensity in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis. We hypothesized that cryoneurolysis was an effective and safe therapy to reduce chronic pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. ⋯ This study did not show a clinically relevant reduction in pain after intervention comparing cryoneurolysis and sham. Further studies are needed.
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Multi-compartment computer models of heterogeneity in alveolar ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q scatter) across the lung explain the significant alveolar-arterial (A-a) partial pressure gradients and associated alveolar dead-space fractions (VDA/VA) seen in anesthetized patients for both carbon dioxide and for anesthetic gases of different blood solubilities. However, the accuracy of a simpler two-compartment model of VA/Q scatter to do this has not been tested or compared to calculations from the traditional Riley model with "ideal", unventilated (shunt) and unperfused (deadspace) compartments. ⋯ Satisfactory prediction of the A-a partial pressure gradients and alveolar dead-space for the modern volatile anesthetic gases measured in vivo requires a model with more than one gas-exchanging lung compartments, which the traditional Riley model lacks. A simple "reciprocal" two-compartment model achieves this.