Clinical radiology
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Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are widely used to provide central venous access, often in chronically ill patients with long-term intravenous access requirements. There are a number of significant complications related to both insertion and maintenance of PICC lines, including catheter malposition, migration, venous thrombosis, and line fracture. ⋯ This paper provides an overview of the relevant peripheral and central venous anatomy, including anatomical variations, and outlines the complications of PICC lines. Imaging examples demonstrate the range of radiological findings seen in these complications.
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Fallopian tube disease, both acute and chronic, is a common cause of a sonographically indeterminate adnexal mass and may mimic ovarian cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now widely used as a problem-solving tool in these circumstances. The purpose of this review is to provide the discriminative MRI features of Fallopian tube masses and illustrate the key signs that establish their origin and nature. ⋯ Recognition of these characteristic morphological features and specific MRI signal patterns are key to a specific diagnosis. The anatomical and histopathological basis of these MRI signs is emphasized, covering also the differential diagnosis and pitfalls. Two new signs, "synechiae" and "amorphous shading", are also described that have not been well described previously in MRI of tubal disease.