Clinical radiology
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Normal haemostasis relies on the complex interactions of the coagulation cascade, platelets, and the endothelium. In this review, the roles of each of these elements are described as well as common causes for their derangement. ⋯ It is essential that radiologists are aware of these mechanisms and drugs if they are to perform image-guided procedures safely. In addition to describing the relevant pathways and drugs, practical tips are provided.
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Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) comprises 5% of all primary brain tumours. PCNSL demonstrates a variety of well-documented imaging findings, which can vary depending on immune status and histological type. ⋯ Advanced imaging techniques including 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ((18)FDG) and (11)C positron-emission tomography (PET), (201)Tl single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and MR perfusion, have been used to aid differentiation of PCNSL from other tumours. Ultimately, no imaging method can definitively diagnose PCNSL, and histology is required.