Clinical radiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Radiation dose of non-enhanced chest CT can be reduced 40% by using iterative reconstruction in image space.
To evaluate the image quality and dose reduction capability of non-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) examinations using iterative reconstruction in image space (IRIS). ⋯ Compared with FBP, IRIS can maintain or improve image quality on unenhanced chest CT image reconstruction while saving 40% radiation dose.
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To detect a difference in the parameters derived from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) between low-grade and high-grade gliomas, and to evaluate whether the combination of these two techniques can improve the diagnostic accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in supratentorial glioma grading. ⋯ Thresholds for NAA/Cho and calculated ADC values, corresponding to maximum Youden index from ROC curve analyses, helped to improve the accuracy of supratentorial glioma grading when compared with conventional MRI alone. In addition, a combination of NAA/Cho and ADC calculation were more useful together than each alone in a clinical setting to evaluate glioma grade preoperatively and provide a means for guiding treatment.
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Review Case Reports
CT and CT angiography in massive haemoptysis with emphasis on pre-embolization assessment.
Massive haemoptysis is a respiratory emergency. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) can play a crucial role in assessing the cause and origin of the haemoptysis and directing the interventional radiologist prior to treatment. The bronchial arterial supply and to a lesser extent the non-bronchial systemic arterial supply are responsible for the majority of cases of massive haemoptysis, but uncommon causes of massive haemoptysis should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Failure to assess the imaging appropriately prior to endovascular treatment may result in early recurrent massive haemoptysis or patient death.
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Normal haemostasis relies on the complex interactions of the coagulation cascade, platelets, and the endothelium. In this review, the roles of each of these elements are described as well as common causes for their derangement. ⋯ It is essential that radiologists are aware of these mechanisms and drugs if they are to perform image-guided procedures safely. In addition to describing the relevant pathways and drugs, practical tips are provided.
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Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) comprises 5% of all primary brain tumours. PCNSL demonstrates a variety of well-documented imaging findings, which can vary depending on immune status and histological type. ⋯ Advanced imaging techniques including 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ((18)FDG) and (11)C positron-emission tomography (PET), (201)Tl single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and MR perfusion, have been used to aid differentiation of PCNSL from other tumours. Ultimately, no imaging method can definitively diagnose PCNSL, and histology is required.