Anesthesia and analgesia
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffects of epidural morphine and intramuscular diclofenac combination in postcesarean analgesia: a dose-range study.
To assess the efficacy of combinations of epidural morphine and intramuscular diclofenac in postcesarean analgesia, a double-blind, randomized study was conducted. Epidural anesthesia was administered to 120 parturients who were randomly allocated into six treatment groups; these groups, A, B, C, D, and E, received 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg of epidural morphine in 10 mL of normal saline solution, respectively, and 75 mg (3 mL) of diclofenac intramuscularly (IM). Group F received 4 mg of epidural morphine in 10 mL of normal saline solution and 3 mL of normal saline solution IM. ⋯ The incidence of nausea or vomiting or both, pruritus, and bleeding was similar. There was no evident relationship between severity of pruritus and morphine doses. No bradyspnea was observed during the study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
-
Vigilance is an important but difficult to measure attribute in anesthesia practitioners. We present a modified standard method to assess intraoperative vigilance toward electronic data displays. The response time to detect a simulated abnormal value on the physiologic monitor was measured. ⋯ Response times and the rate of missed events were greater during induction of anesthesia (a time of high workload) than during the maintenance or emergence phases of anesthesia. Response times were shorter during procedures on ASA 1 patients than on ASA 3 patients. The results suggest that anesthesiologists usually quickly detect abnormal values on physiologic monitors and that less attention is devoted to monitors during periods of high workload.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 1993
Comparative StudyA comparison of postoperative epidural analgesia between patients with chronic cancer taking high doses of oral opioids versus opioid-naive patients.
Our study evaluated 116 surgical patients with cancer who received postoperative epidural analgesia with bupivacaine (BUP) (0.1%) and morphine (MS) (0.01%) during 5 days after epidural-light general anesthesia. Patients in group I (n = 17) were taking opioids in doses larger than 50 mg of morphine daily for 3 mo or more, whereas patients in group II (n = 99) were opioid-naive. Postoperative epidural infusions were started at 10 mL.h-1 for group I and 5 mL.h-1 for group II. ⋯ Daily epidural and IV MS usage were always more for group I by two- to threefold. No patient experienced respiratory depression or opioid withdrawal during the hospitalization. Thus, epidural BUP-MS appears to provide adequate postoperative analgesia while preventing withdrawal in opioid-dependent patients, if three times the normal dosage and duration of therapy are employed.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIntraarticular analgesia following knee arthroscopy.
A randomized, double-blind, controlled study was conducted in patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy to assess the analgesic effect of intraarticular morphine and bupivacaine, alone and in combination. Patients in group 1 (n = 10) received 5 mg of morphine in 25 mL of saline; patients in group 2 (n = 10) received 25 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine (62.5 mg); patients in group 3 (n = 10) received a combination of 5 mg of morphine and 62.5 mg of bupivacaine in 25 mL dilution; and patients in group 4 (n = 10) received 25 mL of saline. All the drugs were injected intraarticularly. ⋯ These low pain scores were associated with lower requirements of supplementary analgesics. The patients in group 4 showed the highest pain scores and analgesic requirements. We conclude that intraarticular morphine significantly reduces postoperative pain following knee arthroscopy and that there is no advantage of combining bupivacaine with morphine.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA randomized double-blind comparison of epidural fentanyl infusion versus patient-controlled analgesia with morphine for postthoracotomy pain.
The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of an epidural fentanyl infusion versus patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine in the management of postthoracotomy pain. Thirty-six patients were randomized into one of two groups. The epidural group received an epidural fentanyl infusion, 10 micrograms/mL, and saline through their PCA machine. ⋯ There were no differences in postoperative forced vital capacity between the two groups. More patients in the PCA group had greater degrees of sedation on postoperative day 1 (P = 0.005), whereas pruritus was more frequent (P < 0.02) in the epidural group. We conclude that an epidural fentanyl infusion is superior to that of PCA with morphine in the management of pain after thoracotomy.