Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPropofol for ambulatory gynecologic laparoscopy: does omission of nitrous oxide alter postoperative emetic sequelae and recovery?
The role of nitrous oxide in postoperative emesis is controversial. This prospective randomized study was performed to compare the emetic sequelae and quality of recovery between a group of patients anesthetized with propofol alone and a group anesthetized with propofol plus nitrous oxide. Seventy patients, ASA grade I or II, scheduled for ambulatory gynecologic laparoscopy under general anesthesia were included. ⋯ Otherwise, the recovery variables were comparable between the two groups. We conclude that supplementing propofol with nitrous oxide in patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopy reduces the requirements of propofol, expedites immediate recovery (emergence), and does not increase the incidence of postoperative emesis. This tends to confirm that there is no clinical advantage to omitting nitrous oxide.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialProphylactic antiemetic therapy with patient-controlled analgesia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of droperidol, metoclopramide, and tropisetron.
This placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of three prophylactic antiemetic regimens on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine. We studied 286 elective surgical patients for 36 h postoperatively. Group 1 was saline control. ⋯ Metoclopramide had a marginally significant effect under these conditions. Only droperidol decreased the need for rescue medication (P < 0.01), although rescue with tropisetron was highly effective. Side effects and patient satisfaction were comparable among the groups, but patients receiving droperidol were sleepier (P < 0.05) than control patients and recalled somewhat more anxiety (P = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialUse of forced-air warming during and after outpatient arthroscopic surgery.
According to a two-phase protocol, 127 patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly assigned to receive intraoperative warming from a forced-air blanket (n = 69) or conventional warmed cotton blankets (n = 58). During the initial phase (Phase I), active warming was applied during the intraoperative period only, permitting double-blind assessment of postoperative events. In Phase II, warming was continued into the recovery area, which unblinded the assessment. ⋯ However, significantly fewer actively warmed patients experienced prolonged postoperative shivering. The addition of postoperative warming appeared to provide little, if any, additional benefit. Despite the decreased duration of postoperative shivering in the actively warmed group, we were unable to demonstrate any reduction in the PACU stay.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialRenal function and proteinuria after cardiopulmonary bypass: the effects of temperature and mannitol.
We studied three groups of patients without previous renal impairment, undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Group H (n = 7) underwent open heart surgery using moderate hypothermia (28 degrees C); Groups N and M (n = 8, each) were managed at normothermia. The extracorporeal circuit was primed with Hartmann's solution 2.5 L with the addition of mannitol 0.5 g/kg in Group M. ⋯ However, there were overall significant changes in measured variables over time compared to baseline. We conclude that CPB is associated with a significant alteration in renal function as shown by increased FENA, microalbuminuria, and urinary NAG. The use of hypothermic or normothermic CPB and the use of prophylactic mannitol did not produce any significant modification of these changes.