Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIntravenous ondansetron for postsurgical opioid-induced nausea and vomiting. S3A-255 Study Group.
The use of opioids for postoperative analgesia may be limited by side effects such as nausea and vomiting. Because ondansetron, a selective serotonin type 3 (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT3]) antagonist, is effective for chemotherapy and general anesthesia-induced nausea and vomiting, we hypothesized that it may also be effective for opioid-induced nausea and vomiting. ASA physical status I-III patients undergoing regional anesthesia were eligible for the study. ⋯ The incidence of adverse events was similarly low across groups. The results of this study support our hypothesis that I. V. ondansetron is effective for postsurgical opioid-induced nausea and vomiting.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialIntravenous oxytocin in patients undergoing elective cesarean section.
The objective of this study was to compare four different doses of oxytocin to determine its minimal effective dose during elective cesarean section. A prospective, double-blind, randomized study was undertaken in 40 healthy term parturients presenting for elective cesarean section under regional anesthesia. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups. ⋯ There were no differences in the uterine tone in the four groups at any of the four intervals. EBL and delta Hct were similar in all four groups. There appears to be no benefit in terms of degree of uterine contraction and amount of blood loss to administering more than 5 IU of intravenous oxytocin to term parturients undergoing elective cesarean section with a neuraxial block.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialTranexamic acid radically decreases blood loss and transfusions associated with total knee arthroplasty.
The application of a pneumatic tourniquet in orthopedic procedures enhances local fibrinolysis. Consequently, a short-term antifibrinolytic therapy may be indicated in this clinical situation to reduce postoperative blood loss. The purpose of this prospective double-blind study was to investigate the effect of tranexamic acid (TA) on blood loss associated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). ⋯ Twenty-two patients in the TA group and four patients in the NS group were treated without transfusion (P < 0.00003). Two patients in the TA group and three in the NS group had a deep venous thrombosis, including a fatal case of pulmonary embolism in the NS group. We conclude that short-term TA therapy significantly reduces TKA-associated blood loss and transfusion requirements without increasing thromboembolic complications.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effect of tourniquet release time on the analgesic efficacy of intraarticular morphine after arthroscopic knee surgery.
A randomized, controlled study was conducted in patients undergoing elective arthroscopic knee surgery to assess the effects of tourniquet release time on analgesia after intraarticular (I. A.) injection of morphine. Standardized general anesthetic and surgical techniques were used for all patients, including a thigh tourniquet inflated at pressures between 300 and 350 mm Hg. ⋯ These low pain scores were associated with lower requirements of supplementary analgesics. We conclude that, as compared with releasing the tourniquet immediately after I. A. injection of morphine, maintaining the tourniquet inflated for 10 min provides superior analgesia and decreases the need for supplemental analgesics.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPatient-controlled epidural analgesia: interactions between nalbuphine and hydromorphone.
Epidural opioid analgesia can offer advantages over intravenous administration, however, opioid-related side effects are common after epidural administration. We studied the effect of adding nalbuphine (NB), an opioid agonist-antagonist, to hydromorphone (HM) for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in 78 healthy women after elective cesarean delivery. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. ⋯ Although the overall incidences of nausea (19%-35%) and pruritus (32%-62%) were similar in all four groups, the addition of NB decreased the need for bladder catheterization. The highest NB concentration resulted in increased PCA demands during the 32-h study period. In conclusion, the combination of HM 0.075 mg/mL and NB 0.04 mg/mL resulted in lower nausea scores and a decreased incidence of urinary retention compared with HM alone, without increasing the opioid analgesic requirement.