Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialOral herpes simplex reactivation after intrathecal morphine: a prospective randomized trial in an obstetric population.
There is now evidence for an association between the use of epidural morphine and reactivation of herpes simplex labialis (HSL). There are no studies that definitively demonstrate the relationship between HSL reactivation and spinal intrathecal morphine. To investigate this relationship, we randomized and prospectively studied 100 obstetric patients with a history of HSL undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. ⋯ In the ITM+PCA group 19 (38%) patients had HSL reactivation whereas eight (16.6%) had HSL reactivation in the morphine PCA-only group (P = 0.028). The incidence of pruritus in the ITM+PCA group was also more frequent in the early postoperative period. Our data show HSL reactivation in both the ITM+PCA group and PCA-only morphine group, with a more frequent incidence in the ITM+PCA group.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effect of hypocapnia on the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow during administration of isoflurane.
Isoflurane impairs autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in a dose-related manner. Previous investigations in several other conditions have demonstrated that impaired autoregulation can be restored by hyperventilation. We hypothesized that hypocapnia may restore cerebral autoregulation impaired by isoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ The median (interquartile range) ARI was 0.29 (0.23-0.64) during normocapnia and 0.77 (0.70-0.78) during hypocapnia (P < 0.005). Of the 12 subjects, autoregulation was significantly impaired in 8 subjects during normocapnia and none during hypocapnia (P = 0.001). Hypocapnia restored cerebral autoregulation in normal subjects during isoflurane-induced impairment of autoregulation.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPreincisional dextromethorphan combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia improves postoperative pain and bowel function in patients undergoing colonic surgery.
Colonic surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain and postoperative ileus, which contribute to delayed hospital discharge. In previous studies, we demonstrated that IM dextromethorphan (DM) provided preemptive analgesia and improved postoperative pain. The benefit of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) and postoperative epidural analgesia on postoperative pain was well demonstrated. ⋯ Statistically significant improvement of postoperative pain and bowel function was observed in the following order: DM-TEA > CPM-TEA > CPM-GA. Compared with the CPM-TEA group, the DM-TEA group averaged 1.6 points lower on first-hour pain scores, 40 min longer to first PCEA request, 15.8 mL less PCEA drug over 72 h, and 14.7 h earlier bowel function (all P < 0.01). We conclude that the combination of preincisional DM (40 mg IM), intraoperative TEA, and postoperative PCEA enhances analgesia and facilitates recovery of bowel function, suggesting possible synergistic interaction with local anesthetics and opioids.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDoes femoral nerve catheter placement with stimulating catheters improve effective placement? A randomized, controlled, and observer-blinded trial.
Continuous peripheral nerve blocks offer the benefit of extended postoperative analgesia and accelerated functional recovery after major knee surgery. Conventional nerve localization is performed over a stimulating needle followed by blind insertion of the peripheral catheter. Correct catheter placement is confirmed by testing for satisfactory analgesia. ⋯ The onset time of sensory and motor block was almost similar in both groups. There were no differences in the postoperative IV opioid consumption, and visual analog scale pain scores at rest and movement, or maximal bending and stretching of the knee joint during the 5 days after surgery. We conclude that with continuous femoral nerve blocks, blind catheter advancement is as effective as the stimulating catheter technique with respect to onset time of sensory and motor block as well as for postoperative pain reduction and functional outcome.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDoes measurement of preoperative anxiety have added value for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting?
Preoperative anxiety has been suggested as a predictor of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), but supporting data are lacking. We quantified the added predictive value of preoperative anxiety to established predictors of PONV in 1389 surgical inpatients undergoing various procedures, by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Investigated predictors were a history of PONV or motion sickness, smoking, sex, age, ethnicity, body mass index, ASA physical status, surgery type, duration of anesthesia, anesthetic technique, and postoperative opioid analgesia. ⋯ The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of a multivariate (logistic regression) model including sex, age, smoking, history of PONV or motion sickness, surgery type, and anesthetic technique was 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.74). There was a weak but significant association of anxiety with PONV, but the addition of anxiety to the model did not further increase the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Therefore, routine preoperative measurement of anxiety does not seem warranted, provided that the other predictors are already considered.