Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA comparison of intrathecal morphine/fentanyl and patient-controlled analgesia with patient-controlled analgesia alone for analgesia after liver resection.
Continuous epidural anesthesia and analgesia may be considered in liver resection, but is often avoided because of the potential development of coagulopathies and the risk of epidural hematoma. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study we compared postoperative morphine consumption via patient-controlled analgesia after liver surgery between two groups of patients: patients receiving a preoperative dose of intrathecal morphine (0.5 mg) and fentanyl (15 microg) (treatment group) and patients receiving a sham intrathecal injection (placebo group). Forty patients scheduled for major liver resection (> or = two segments) were enrolled. ⋯ Pain evaluation on the visual analog scale was lower for the first 18 h in the treatment group. There was no difference in the incidence of side effects in both groups. Intrathecal morphine (0.5 mg) and fentanyl (15 microg) given before liver surgery significantly decreased postoperative morphine consumption compared to placebo without any increase in side effects.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAn evaluation of the efficacy of aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study.
Postoperative sore throat (POST), although a minor complication, remains a source of postoperative morbidity. We compared the efficacy of dispersible aspirin gargle to benzydamine hydrochloride (a topical nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug) gargles for prevention of POST. We enrolled 60 consecutive female patients, 16-60 yr of age, ASA physical status I or II, undergoing elective modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study. ⋯ Aspirin gargles reduced the incidence of POST for 4 h whereas benzydamine hydrochloride gargles reduced POST for 24 h. POST was more severe in the control group at 0 and 2 h (P < 0.05). Aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargles significantly reduced the incidence and severity of POST (P < 0.05).
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2006
Sedation and anesthesia protocols used for magnetic resonance imaging studies in infants: provider and pharmacologic considerations.
Most studies report the efficacy of only a single drug to achieve sedation in a broad age range of children. In clinical practice, a variety of sedative and anesthetic regimes are monitored by nurses and physicians. In this study we report the efficacy of a tiered approach to monitoring and sedation in infants. ⋯ Infants who received propofol were ready to begin MRI scanning earlier (mean 9.1 +/- 6.7 min) than infants who received oral chloral hydrate (mean 23.5 +/- 13.4 min; P < 0.05). The time to discharge was longest in the pentobarbital (mean 80.3 +/- 39.2 min) and shortest in the propofol group (mean 53.9 +/- 30.1 min; P < 0.05). Infants in the chloral hydrate group moved more frequently (22.5%) during MRI scanning (with four sedation failures of 102) compared to 12.2% in the pentobarbital group and 1.4% in the propofol group (P < 0.001).
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2006
Comparative StudyCerebral metabolism assessed with microdialysis in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after penetrating liver trauma.
In a porcine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, we evaluated the effects of fluid resuscitation versus arginine vasopressin (AVP) combined with hypertonic-hyperoncotic hydroxyethyl starch solution (HHS) on cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and on cerebral metabolism using intracerebral microdialysis. Sixteen anesthetized pigs were subjected to uncontrolled liver bleeding until hemodynamic decompensation, followed by resuscitation using either fluid (n = 8) or AVP/HHS (n = 8). Thirty minutes after drug administration, bleeding was controlled by manual compression, and colloid and crystalloid solutions were administered in both groups. ⋯ Mean (+/- sem) cerebral venous partial pressure of oxygen was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) 5 min after fluid compared with 5 min after AVP/HHS administration (36 +/- 3 vs 64 +/- 4 torr). Cerebral metabolism was comparable in both groups. In conclusion, AVP/HHS proved to be superior to fluid in the initial phase of therapy with respect to CPP and cerebral oxygenation, but was comparable to fluid regarding cerebral metabolism and secondary cell damage in surviving animals.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2006
Epidural lidocaine induces dose-dependent neurologic injury in rats.
Although epidural lidocaine administered as a bolus has been shown to cause little neurotoxicity, local anesthetics are often administered repetitively or continuously into the epidural space, and in high doses may induce neurologic injury. We investigated whether epidural lidocaine is neurotoxic when a large dose is continuously administered in rats, and whether the functional impairment and histologic damage is dose dependent. In Experiment 1, 13 rats received a 120-min epidural infusion (at 5 microL/min) of saline or 2% lidocaine. ⋯ Nerve injury scores for rats given 5% lidocaine for 30, 60, and 120 min were significantly higher than those for rats given saline. Significant difference in damage in nerve roots was also observed among rats given the anesthetic for different durations of time; nerve injury scores with 120-min infusion were higher than with 15- and 30-min infusions, and injury with 60-min infusion was greater than with 15-min infusion. In conclusion, these results suggest that epidural lidocaine causes dose-dependent neurotoxicity after continuous infusion in rats.