Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialTransdermal scopolamine: an alternative to ondansetron and droperidol for the prevention of postoperative and postdischarge emetic symptoms.
Given the controversy regarding the use of droperidol and the high cost of the 5-HT3 antagonists, a cost-effective alternative for routine use as a prophylactic antiemetic would be desirable. We designed two parallel, randomized, double-blind sham and placebo-controlled studies to compare the early and late antiemetic efficacy and adverse event profile of transdermal scopolamine (TDS) 1.5 mg, to ondansetron 4 mg IV, and droperidol 1.25 mg IV for antiemetic prophylaxis as part of a multimodal regimen in "at risk" surgical populations. ⋯ Premedication with TDS was as effective as droperidol (1.25 mg) or ondansetron (4 mg) in preventing nausea and vomiting in the early and late postoperative periods. However, the use of a TDS patch is more likely to produce a dry mouth.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2007
The hypnotic, electroencephalographic, and antinociceptive properties of nonpeptide ORL1 receptor agonists after intravenous injection in rodents.
Agonists at the opioid receptor-like receptor 1 (ORL1) induce motor impairment, sedation, and loss of righting reflex (LRR) in rodents. This receptor may provide a novel target in the field of anesthesia. ⋯ These results show that Ro 65-6570 and Org 26383 (probably via the ORL1 receptor) behave as IV hypnotics and analgesics in mice and rats, and that the hypnotic and antinociceptive doses are similar.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2007
Controlled Clinical TrialIntravenous lidocaine after tracheal intubation mitigates bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma.
Although prophylactic IV administration of lidocaine attenuates the response to a variety of inhalation challenges, its effect on airway resistance after endotracheal intubation in patients with asthma is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that IV lidocaine attenuates intubation-evoked bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. ⋯ IV lidocaine given after endotracheal intubation mitigates bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialMonitoring brain oxygen saturation during coronary bypass surgery: a randomized, prospective study.
Cerebral deoxygenation is associated with various adverse systemic outcomes. We hypothesized, by using the brain as an index organ, that interventions to improve cerebral oxygenation would have systemic benefits in cardiac surgical patients. ⋯ Monitoring cerebral rSO2 in coronary artery bypass patients avoids profound cerebral desaturation and is associated with significantly fewer incidences of major organ dysfunction.