Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2007
Comparative StudyLack in effects of therapeutic concentrations of dexmedetomidine and clonidine on the neuromuscular blocking action of rocuronium in isolated rat diaphragms.
We investigated the effects of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine on the neuromuscular blocking effect of rocuronium in vitro. ⋯ These results indicate that very high, but not therapeutic, concentrations of clonidine and dexmedetomidine enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of rocuronium, but this is not mediated by an agonist action on alpha-2 adrenoceptors.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEpidural clonidine for postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty: a dose-response study.
Combinations of epidural clonidine, local anesthetics, and opioids have improved postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. In this study we sought to determine the optimal epidural bolus dose of clonidine, which provides the best analgesia and fewest side effects. ⋯ The optimal amount of epidural clonidine in a solution of morphine and ropivacaine for postoperative pain management is 1.0 microg/mL.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThere is no dose-escalation response to dexamethasone (0.0625-1.0 mg/kg) in pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy patients for preventing vomiting, reducing pain, shortening time to first liquid intake, or the incidence of voice change.
Tonsillectomy is associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) if no prophylaxis is administered. Previous studies have shown that a single dose of dexamethasone decreases the incidence of PONV. The most effective dose of dexamethasone to affect clinical outcome is yet to be defined. ⋯ We conclude that the lowest dose of dexamethasone (0.0625 mg/kg) was as effective as the highest dose of dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg) for preventing PONV or reducing the incidence of other secondary outcomes following tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. There is no justification for the use of high-dose dexamethasone for the prevention of PONV in this cohort of children.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2007
Comparative StudyDextromethorphan or dextrorphan have a local anesthetic effect on infiltrative cutaneous analgesia in rats.
Dextromethorphan blocks sodium channels, the site of action of local anesthetics. In this study we evaluated whether dextromethorphan has a local anesthetic effect. ⋯ Dextromethorphan and dextrorphan were more potent local anesthetics than lidocaine, but with higher systemic safety indices. Coadministration of dextromethorphan or dextrorphan with lidocaine produced an additive effect.