Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2011
The effect of a new water-soluble sedative-hypnotic drug, JM-1232(-), on long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus.
JM-1232(-) {(-)-3-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-2-phenyl-3,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[f]isoindol-1(2H)-one} is a new water-soluble sedative-hypnotic drug with affinity for the benzodiazepine binding site on γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors. The effects of JM-1232(-) on synaptic transmission in the brain are not known. In the present study, we investigated the effects of JM-1232(-) on synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity (i.e., long-term potentiation [LTP] and paired-pulse facilitation), and excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs/IPSCs) of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices. ⋯ JM-1232(-) enhances synaptic inhibition and impairs LTP and paired-pulse facilitation in area CA1 of the mouse hippocampus. These effects were mediated by benzodiazepine binding sites on γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2011
Review Historical ArticleReview article: Preventive analgesia: quo vadimus?
The classic definition of preemptive analgesia requires 2 groups of patients to receive identical treatment before or after incision or surgery. The only difference between the 2 groups is the timing of administration of the drug relative to incision. The constraint to include a postincision or postsurgical treatment group is methodologically appealing, because in the presence of a positive result, it provides a window of time within which the observed effect occurred, and thus points to possible mechanisms underlying the effect: the classic view assumes that the intraoperative nociceptive barrage contributes to a greater extent to postoperative pain than does the postoperative nociceptive barrage. ⋯ This requirement ensures that the observed effects are not direct analgesic effects. In this article, we briefly review the history of preemptive analgesia and relate it to the broader concept of preventive analgesia. We highlight clinical trial designs and examples from the literature that distinguish preventive analgesia from preemptive analgesia and conclude with suggestions for future research.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyIntraperitoneal ropivacaine nebulization for pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparison with intraperitoneal instillation.
Studies evaluating intraperitoneal local anesthetic instillation for pain relief after laparoscopic procedures have reported conflicting results. In this randomized, double-blind study we assessed the effects of intraperitoneal local anesthetic nebulization on pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ⋯ Intraperitoneal ropivacaine nebulization was associated with reduced shoulder pain and unassisted walking time but with an increased incidence of postoperative vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2011
Multicenter StudyLack of effectiveness of the pulmonary artery catheter in cardiac surgery.
The pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) continues to be used for monitoring of hemodynamics in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery despite concerns raised in other settings regarding both effectiveness and safety. Given the relative paucity of data regarding its use in CABG patients, and given entrenched practice patterns, we assessed the impact of PAC use on fatal and nonfatal CABG outcomes as practiced at a diverse set of medical centers. ⋯ Use of a PAC during CABG surgery was associated with increased mortality and a higher risk of severe end-organ complications in this propensity-matched observational study. A randomized controlled trial with defined hemodynamic goals would be ideal to either confirm or refute our findings.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2011
ReviewStatistical grand rounds: Importance of appropriately modeling procedure and duration in logistic regression studies of perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Multiple logistic regression studies frequently are performed with duration (e.g., operative time) included as an independent variable. We use narrative review of the statistical literature to highlight that when the association between duration and outcome is presumptively significant, the procedure itself (e.g., video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy or thoracotomy lobectomy) needs to be tested for inclusion in the logistic regression. ⋯ Only the scheduled duration is known when a patient would be randomized in a trial of preoperative or intraoperative intervention and/or meets with the surgeon and anesthesiologist preoperatively. By reviewing the literature about logistic regression and about predicting case duration, we show that the use of actual instead of scheduled duration can result in biased logistic regression results.