Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2011
Ketamine activates the L-arginine/Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway to induce peripheral antinociception in rats.
The involvement of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in antinociception has been implicated as a molecular mechanism of antinociception produced by several antinociceptive agents, including μ-, κ-, or δ-opioid receptor agonists, nonsteroidal analgesics, cholinergic agonist, and α2C adrenoceptor agonist. In this study, we investigated whether ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, was also capable of activating the L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway and eliciting peripheral antinociception. ⋯ Our results suggest that ketamine stimulates the L-arginine/NO/cyclic GMP pathway via neuronal NO synthase to induce peripheral antinociceptive effects.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2011
Thoracic epidural bupivacaine attenuates inflammatory response, intestinal lipid peroxidation, oxidative injury, and mucosal apoptosis induced by mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion.
We conducted this study to evaluate the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) on inflammatory response, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in a rat model of mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). ⋯ This study demonstrated that epidural bupivacaine attenuates the mesenteric I/R-related inflammatory response and intestinal damage.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2011
The etomidate requirement is decreased in patients with obstructive jaundice.
Patients with obstructive jaundice have increased sensitivity to inhaled anesthetics. In rodent brain, bilirubin can enhance γ-aminobutyric acid A/glycinergic synaptic transmission. Etomidate is a nonbarbiturate hypnotic that induces sedation through γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors in the central nervous system. We tested the hypothesis that patients with obstructive jaundice have an altered sensitivity to etomidate. ⋯ Etomidate requirements to reach a level of anesthesia defined by a Bispectral Index of 50 are reduced in patients with obstructive jaundice.