Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2016
Inhibition of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase Does Not Influence Ventilation-Perfusion Matching in Normal Prone Adult Sheep With Mechanical Ventilation.
Local formation of nitric oxide in the lung induces vasodilation in proportion to ventilation and is a putative mechanism behind ventilation-perfusion matching. We hypothesized that regional ventilation-perfusion matching occurs in part due to local constitutive nitric oxide formation. ⋯ We found minimal or no influence of constitutive nitric oxide synthase inhibition by L-NAME on the distributions of ventilation and perfusion, and ventilation-perfusion in prone, anesthetized, ventilated, and healthy adult sheep with normal gas exchange.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2016
The Effects of Electroacupuncture on the Apelin/APJ System in the Spinal Cord of Rats With Inflammatory Pain.
Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely applied for pain management, but the analgesic effects of EA have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of EA on inflammatory pain caused by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and apelin/APJ expression in the spinal cord of rats. ⋯ EA stimulation could alleviate inflammatory pain, at least in part, by restoring apelin and APJ mRNA and protein expression levels, which are downregulated in the CFA pain model.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2016
ReviewEpidural Local Anesthetics Versus Opioid-Based Analgesic Regimens for Postoperative Gastrointestinal Paralysis, Vomiting, and Pain After Abdominal Surgery: A Cochrane Review.
The aim of this review was to compare the effects of postoperative epidural analgesia with local anesthetics to postoperative systemic or epidural opioids in terms of return of gastrointestinal transit, postoperative pain control, postoperative vomiting, incidence of gastrointestinal anastomotic leak, hospital length of stay, and cost after abdominal surgery. ⋯ An epidural containing a local anesthetic, with or without the addition of an opioid, accelerates the return of the gastrointestinal transit (high quality of evidence). An epidural containing a local anesthetic with an opioid decreases pain after an abdominal surgery (moderate quality of evidence). An epidural containing a local anesthetic does not affect the incidence of vomiting or anastomotic leak (low quality of evidence). For an open surgery, an epidural containing a local anesthetic would reduce the length of hospital stay (very low quality of evidence).
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2016
A Novel Device for the Evaluation of Hemostatic Function in Critical Care Settings.
Major surgical procedures often result in significant intra- and postoperative bleeding. The ability to identify the cause of the bleeding has the potential to reduce the transfusion of blood products and improve patient care. ⋯ The Quantra is based on Sonic Estimation of Elasticity via Resonance Sonorheometry, a proprietary technology that uses ultrasound to measure clot time and clot stiffness from changes in viscoelastic properties of whole blood during coagulation. We present results of internal validation and analytical performance testing of the technology and demonstrate the ability to characterize the key functional components of hemostasis.