The Annals of thoracic surgery
-
Comparative Study
Severe ischemic early liver injury after cardiac surgery.
The epidemiology, pathogenesis and prognosis of severe ischemic early liver injury (SIELI) after cardiac surgery are poorly understood. Accordingly, we studied patients whose alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration acutely increased above 500 IU/l in the immediate postoperative period and compared these patients to two control groups matched for preoperative and immediate postoperative characteristics. ⋯ SIELI after cardiac surgery carries a high mortality and is strongly associated with a low cardiac output and increased filling pressures, suggesting that liver ischemia induced by a combination of decreased perfusion and congestion is fundamental to its pathogenesis. A history of cardiac failure, diabetes, hypertension, and female gender may represent risk factors for its development and severity in the setting of a postoperative low cardiac output state.
-
Comparative Study
Replacing the ascending aorta and aortic valve for acute prosthetic valve endocarditis: is using prosthetic material contraindicated?
The use of prosthetic material (rather than a homograft) for ascending aorta/aortic valve replacement (Bentall procedure) in cases of acute prosthetic valve endocarditis is controversial. We report favorable results using this technique almost exclusively (a homograft was used in only 3 patients with hematological problems) during a 12-year interval. ⋯ These results indicate that prosthetic root replacement may be superior to use of a homograft for acute aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis, with only a 4% incidence of recurrent endocarditis and reoperation.
-
Surgeons are increasingly faced with patients suffering from complicated pathology in multiple organ systems, to which multiple therapeutic agents with complex adverse effects are often prescribed. We face a daily challenge in maintaining an up-to-date knowledge of these complications. ⋯ This is a rare but serious complication of heparin therapy, not usually reported in the context of a cardiac surgical patient. We will also discuss the renal physiology leading to hyperkalemia and the options available for its management.
-
The natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysm is incompletely understood. Over the last 10 years, at Yale University we have maintained a large computerized database of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Analysis of this database has permitted insight into fundamental issues of natural behavior of the aorta and development of criteria for surgical intervention. ⋯ In risk/benefit analysis the accumulated data strongly support a policy of preemptive surgical extirpation of the asymptomatic aneurysmal thoracic aorta to prevent rupture and dissection. We recommend intervention for the ascending aorta at 5.5 cm and for the descending aorta at 6.5 cm. For Marfan's disease or familial thoracic aortic aneurysm, we recommend earlier intervention at 5.0 cm for the ascending and 6.0 cm for the descending aorta. Symptomatic aneurysms must be resected regardless of size. Family members should be evaluated.