The Annals of thoracic surgery
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Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB) is associated with lower early mortality and benefits women disproportionately. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of off-pump techniques on sex differences in late outcomes. ⋯ Compared with men, women are a high-risk group and benefit from off-pump operation in terms of early mortality after CABG. Conversely, during follow-up, women have high adjusted risks of major cardiac and cerebral events after OPCAB.
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At our institution, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations are performed by staff surgeons or by first- or second-year cardiothoracic residents under the direct supervision of attending surgeons. We evaluated the influence of surgical seniority on outcomes. ⋯ Lower academic seniority was associated with longer CABG operative times but did not affect outcomes. Thus, training residents to perform CABG is safe and is characterized by progressive improvement in their technical efficiency.
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Indications for valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation include diminished ejection fraction and increased left ventricular dimensions. Our objective was to examine the effect of preoperative ejection fraction and left ventricular dimensions on survival and return of normal systolic function (ejection fraction > or = 0.50) after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. ⋯ In patients who received a valve replacement for aortic regurgitation, decreased ejection fraction and increased left ventricular dimensions were not associated with late mortality. However, larger indexed left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimensions were associated with late mortality. Preservation of late ejection fraction is best if the operation is performed in patients with near normal preoperative left ventricular function.
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Preoperative renal dysfunction has been an important predictor for adverse cardiovascular events after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In the past, serum creatinine was widely used to assess renal function. Until recently, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was recommended in evaluating renal function. The Cockcroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation are two widely used formulas in clinical practice. Which method best predicts long-term outcome after CABG is still unknown. This study compared the predictive effectiveness of the Cockcroft-Gault formula, the MDRD equation, and serum creatinine level for in-hospital and long-term mortality. ⋯ Both formulas could provide a better measure of risk assessment than serum creatinine for in-hospital and long-term mortality. The Cockcroft-Gault formula was better than the MDRD equation for predicting in-hospital mortality.
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The SYNTAX score, a comprehensive angiographic scoring system, was recently developed as a tool for risk stratification during the SYNTAX trial (randomized trial comparing coronary artery bypass grafting with percutaneous coronary intervention). We applied the SYNTAX score in patients with left main coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting to examine its role in predicting incidences of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) within 30 days and 1 year. ⋯ The SYNTAX score is the first coronary vasculature complexity score predictive for postoperative outcome in patients with left main coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The outcomes of the ongoing SYNTAX trial will definitively define the role of the SYNTAX score in predicting short-term and long-term incidence of MACCE.