Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2023
[Lifestyle: physical activity and training as prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)].
Lifestyle, in general and particularly regular physical activity, is known to be an important component in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes. To gain substantial health benefits, a minimum of 150 min of moderate or vigorous intense aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activities per week should be performed. Additionally, inactivity should be recognized as health hazard and prolonged episodes of sitting should be avoided. ⋯ Standardized, regional and supervised exercise classes are well known to be attractive for adults to reach a sufficient level of health enhancing physical activity. Additionally, based on the large evidence of exercise referral and prescription, the Austrian Diabetes Associations aims to implement the position of a "physical activity adviser" in multi-professional diabetes care. Unfortunately, the implementation of booth-local exercise classes and advisers is missing so far.
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Self monitoring of blood glucose contributes to the integrated management of diabetes mellitus. It, thus, should be available for all patients with diabetes mellitus. Self monitoring of blood glucose improves patients safety, quality of life and glucose control. The current article represents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for the use of blood glucose self monitoring according to current scientific evidence.
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All patients with diabetes require individual and personalized nutritional consultation with professionals. The patient's needs should be the primary focus of the dietary therapy, taking their lifestyle and the type of diabetes into consideration. With the recommendations to the patient's diet, there need to be specific metabolic goals to reduce the disease's progression and to avoid long term health effects. ⋯ According to the latest national and international standards, patients suffering from diabetes should have access to nutrition consulting and nutritional training. During consultation they can be supported on- how to manage their health condition and choosing food and beverage to improve their health. These practical recommendations sum up the latest literature on nutritional aspects of diabetes treatment.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2023
[Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and heart disease (Update 2023)].
Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and heart failure are interacting dynamically. Patients being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease should be screened for diabetes mellitus. Enhanced cardiovascular risk stratification based on biomarkers, symptoms and classical risk factors should be performed in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus. In patients with previously diagnosed arterosclerotic cardiovascular disease an agent proven to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events or cardiovascular mortality is recommended.