Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Jun 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialSymbolic online exposure for spider fear: habituation of fear, disgust and physiological arousal and predictors of symptom improvement.
This research compared the effects of real versus hyper-real images on anxiety, disgust, and physiological arousal during internet-delivered exposure in high spider-fearfuls. Hyper-real images were digitally altered to highlight fearful aspects. A further aim was to examine self-reported and behavioural therapeutic outcomes and exposure-related predictors of these outcomes. ⋯ Findings provide evidence in support of the efficacy of online image-based exposure and have implications for informing further research into the underlying mechanisms of image-based exposure treatment.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Mar 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialHypervigilance and avoidance in visual attention in children with social phobia.
Attentional bias towards threat in socially anxious adults is well documented; however, research on this bias in children with social phobia is rather scarce. The present study investigates whether the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis also applies to children with social phobia. ⋯ Cognitive biases in elementary school children (between 8 and 12 years) relate to hypervigilant rather than to avoidant information processing. Attentional distribution varies over time. Differences between clinical anxious and healthy children seem to be modified by anxiety induction, symptom severity and contextual stimuli, such as the emotional valence of a face and the context in which the threat stimulus appears.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Mar 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialThe influence of patients' preference/attitude towards psychotherapy and antidepressant medication on the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Preferences and attitudes patients hold towards treatment are important, as these can influence treatment outcome. In depression research, the influence of patients' preference/attitudes on outcome and dropout has mainly been studied for antidepressant medication, and less for psychological treatments. We investigated the effects of patients' preference and attitudes towards psychological treatment and antidepressant medication on treatment outcome and dropout, and tested specificity of effects. ⋯ Patients' preferences and attitudes towards depression treatments influence dropout from ADM, and moderate the short-term difference in effectiveness between BA and ADM. The fact that dropout from BA was not affected by preference/attitude speaks for its acceptability among patients.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Dec 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effects of acceptance and suppression on anticipation and receipt of painful stimulation.
Previous research has found that in some contexts, suppression increases distress, whereas acceptance decreases distress. It is not clear, however, whether these two common forms of emotion regulation have comparable or divergent physiological and behavioral effects during the anticipation and receipt of a painful stimulus. ⋯ In contrast to previous research, we found that both acceptance and suppression are effective in reducing pain and anxiety in response to experimentally induced pain.
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J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry · Dec 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialUse of a habit reversal treatment for temporomandibular pain in a minimal therapist contact format.
Previous research has suggested that a habit reversal treatment might be used effectively in a home-based minimal therapist contact (MTC) protocol to facilitate flexibility and increase treatment completion rates. Recent reviews of MTC interventions have found it to be generally efficacious, cost-effective, and generalizable. While MTC has been used for certain health-related disorders (e.g., headache), almost no research has evaluated the effectiveness of a MTC protocol with a population suffering from temporomandibular disorder (TMD). ⋯ Also, a significant reduction in maladaptive oral habits occurred from pre- to post-treatment and significant reductions in life stress and pain interference were observed. Results were maintained at follow-up. The implications for the use of MTC for treatment of facial pain are discussed, as are the implications of these findings for the role of oral habits in the etiology of TMD.