Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
ReviewThe neuropsychiatry of tinnitus: a circuit-based approach to the causes and treatments available.
Patients presenting with tinnitus commonly have neuropsychiatric symptoms with which physicians need to be familiar. We provide an overview of tinnitus, including its types and pathophysiology. We discuss how recent methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, positron emission tomography, MRI, magnetoencephalography and quantitative EEG improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of tinnitus and connect tinnitus to the neuropsychiatric symptoms. ⋯ In conclusion, a review of the literature demonstrates the varied neuropsychiatric manifestations of tinnitus. Imaging studies help to explain the mechanism of the association. However, more research is needed to elucidate the neurocircuitry underlying the association.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
Observational StudyAssessment of cancer risk with β-interferon treatment for multiple sclerosis.
The risk of cancer after exposure to the β-interferons (IFNβs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been established. We assessed whether IFNβ treatment for MS is associated with cancer risk or the risk of specific cancers in a population-based observational study. ⋯ There was no evidence of an increased cancer risk with exposure to IFNβ over a 12-year observation period. However, the trend towards an association between IFNβ and breast cancer should be investigated further.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
Tobacco smoking and excess mortality in multiple sclerosis: a cohort study.
As patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have more than 2.5-fold increased mortality risk, we sought to investigate the impact of tobacco smoking on the risk of premature death and its contribution to the excess mortality in MS patients. ⋯ Tobacco smoking can account for some of the excess mortality associated with MS and is a risk determinant for all-cause and MS-related death.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
Major stressful life events in adulthood and risk of multiple sclerosis.
It is unclear whether psychological stress is associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied the association between major stressful life events and MS in a nationwide cohort study using death of a child or a spouse or marital dissolution as indicators of severe stress. ⋯ Our national cohort study provides little evidence for a causal association between major stressful life events (as exemplified by divorce or the loss of a child or a spouse) and subsequent MS risk.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Oct 2014
Clinical TrialControlled general anaesthesia for subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
To report the short-term (1 year) and long-term (5 years) outcome of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation operated upon under controlled general anaesthesia (GA). ⋯ Our results confirm that STN stimulation performed under controlled GA is efficient and has similar short-term and long-term motor effects than intervention under local anaesthesia. Furthermore, this specific procedure is not associated with more adverse events. The success of such an intervention requires strict anaesthetic monitoring and accurate STN identification.