Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Sodium valproate is associated with cortical thinning of disease-specific areas in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is associated with cortical thinning of the motor areas. The relative contribution of antiseizure medication to cortical thickness is unknown. We aimed to investigate how valproate influences the cortical morphology of JME. ⋯ Valproate was associated with JME-specific and dose-dependent thinning of the cortical motor regions. This suggests that valproate is a key modulator of cortical morphology in JME, an effect that may underlie its high efficacy in this syndrome.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Endovascular therapy versus best medical management in distal medium middle cerebral artery acute ischaemic stroke: a multinational multicentre propensity score-matched study.
The efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischaemic stroke due to distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) remains uncertain. Our study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EVT compared with the best medical management (BMM) in DMVO. ⋯ Our findings suggest that while EVT does not significantly improve functional outcomes compared with BMM in DMVO, it is associated with higher risks of haemorrhagic complications. These results support a cautious approach to the use of EVT in DMVO and highlight the need for further prospective randomised trials to refine treatment strategies.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Socioeconomic burden of AQP4-antibody seropositive NMOSD: a nationwide registry-based study.
AQP4-antibody seropositive (AQP4-Ab+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) may cause reduced work capability due to disability. Here, we evaluated the socioeconomic status of patients with AQP4-Ab+NMOSD in off-label therapy era compared with the general population. ⋯ The socioeconomic status of patients with AQP4-Ab+NMOSD deteriorates rapidly following disease onset. A substantial proportion of these patients lose their work capacity leading to increased financial burden on both their families and society.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
The evolving contribution of MRI measures towards the prediction of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
In multiple sclerosis (MS), both lesion accrual and brain atrophy predict clinical outcomes. However, it is unclear whether these prognostic features are equally relevant throughout the course of MS. Among 103 participants recruited following a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and followed up over 30 years, we explored (1) whether white matter lesions were prognostically more relevant earlier and brain atrophy later in the disease course towards development of secondary progressive (SP) disease; (2) if so, when the balance in prognostic contribution shifts and (3) whether optimised prognostic models predicting SP disease should include different features dependent on disease duration. ⋯ While SPMS progression is associated with brain atrophy, in predictive models only infratentorial lesions were consistently prognostically significant.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jul 2024
Machine learning classification of functional neurological disorder using structural brain MRI features.
Brain imaging studies investigating grey matter in functional neurological disorder (FND) have used univariate approaches to report group-level differences compared with healthy controls (HCs). However, these findings have limited translatability because they do not differentiate patients from controls at the individual-level. ⋯ These findings underscore the interconnection of brain structure and function in the pathophysiology of FND and demonstrate the feasibility of using structural MRI to classify the disorder. Out-of-sample replication and larger-scale classifier efforts incorporating psychiatric and neurological controls are needed.