Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2014
ReviewAn algorithmic approach to structural imaging in dementia.
Accurate and timely diagnosis of dementia is important to guide management and provide appropriate information and support to patients and families. Currently, with the exception of individuals with genetic mutations, postmortem examination of brain tissue remains the only definitive means of establishing diagnosis in most cases, however, structural neuroimaging, in combination with clinical assessment, has value in improving diagnostic accuracy during life. ⋯ While neuroradiological expertise is invaluable in accurate scan interpretation, there is much that a non-radiologist can gain from a focused and structured approach to scan analysis. In this article we describe the characteristic MRI findings of the various dementias and provide a structured algorithm with the aim of providing clinicians with a practical guide to assessing scans.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialTime to 12-month remission and treatment failure for generalised and unclassified epilepsy.
To develop prognostic models for time to 12-month remission and time to treatment failure after initiating antiepileptic drug monotherapy for generalised and unclassified epilepsy. ⋯ The models described within this paper can be used to identify patients most likely to achieve 12-month remission and most likely to have treatment failure, aiding individual patient risk stratification and the design and analysis of future epilepsy trials.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2014
Plasma phosphorylated TDP-43 levels are elevated in patients with frontotemporal dementia carrying a C9orf72 repeat expansion or a GRN mutation.
About a half of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has deposition of phosphorylated TDP-43 protein (pTDP-43) in the brain. We studied pTDP-43 and total TDP-43 levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in healthy controls and patients with FTD, including those carrying a repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene or a mutation in GRN. ⋯ Our study shows that plasma pTDP-43 levels may be increased in some genetic forms of FTD known to be associated with TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2014
Predictors of new-onset seizures: a 10-year follow-up of head trauma subjects with and without traumatic brain injury.
It is not known whether alcohol-related head trauma predicts the new-onset seizures, particularly alcohol-related seizures. ⋯ We conclude that alcohol-related head trauma predicts new-onset seizures, particularly alcohol-related seizures. A brief intervention is needed in order to prevent the development of alcohol-related seizures.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2014
Resting-state fMRI study on drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease and with depression.
This study used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to evaluate regional and network alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with and without depression. ⋯ Our study demonstrates that PD-Dep patients are characterised by increased regional spontaneous neural activity in the orbitofrontal area and decreased functional integration within the prefrontal-limbic network. These findings may be helpful for facilitating further understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying depression in PD.