Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2021
Middle-age dementia risk scores and old-age cognition: a quasi-experimental population-based twin study with over 20-year follow-up.
Middle-age risk scores predict cognitive impairment, but it is not known if these associations are evident when controlling for shared genetic and environmental factors. Using two risk scores, self-report educational-occupational score and Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE), we investigated if twins with higher middle-age dementia risk have poorer old-age cognition compared with their co-twins with lower risk. ⋯ Middle-age dementia risk scores predicted old-age cognition, but within twin-pair analyses gave little support for associations independent of shared environmental and genetic factors. Understanding genetic underpinnings of risk score-cognition associations is important for early detection of dementia and designing intervention trials.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2021
Long-term functional decline of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage survivors.
To identify in patients who survived 6 months after a spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) baseline characteristics and new clinical events associated with functional decline. ⋯ Almost one-fourth of patients with spontaneous ICH developed a functional decline over time. Age, ICH volume, higher mRS score at 6 months and new clinical events after ICH are the major determinants.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2021
Review Meta AnalysisOlfactory impairment as an early marker of Parkinson's disease in REM sleep behaviour disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Olfactory impairment and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) are prodromal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) that may be associated with each other. This review aims to investigate the significance of olfaction in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with RBD and to assess moderating factors affecting olfactory performance. We searched articles on olfaction in RBD and PD in five electronic databases. ⋯ Except for the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III scores, none of the known moderating variables (including age, sex, disease duration and years of education) accounted for the olfactory function heterogeneity in patients with RBD. We identified similar olfactory impairments in patients with RBD and patients with PD (either with or without underlying RBD). These findings suggest that olfactory impairment may be a sensitive and stable diagnostic biomarker of RBD and appears to be useful for identifying patients with idiopathic RBD at high risk for early conversion to PD.