Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2022
Longitudinal trajectory of depression symptom severity and the influence of concussion history and physical function over a 19-year period among former National Football League (NFL) players: an NFL-LONG Study.
This study investigated the longitudinal course of depressive symptom severity over 19 years in former American football players and the influence of concussion history, contact sport participation and physical function on observed trajectories. ⋯ Concussion history, not years of participation, was associated with greater depressive symptom severity. Neither factor was predictive of changes over a 19-year period. Decline in physical function was a significant predictor of a steeper trajectory of increased depressive symptoms, independent of concussion effects. This represents one viable target for preventative intervention to mitigate long-term neuropsychiatric difficulties associated with concussion across subsequent decades of life.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2022
Sweets for my sweet: modulation of the limbic system drives salience for sweet foods after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
An increase in body weight is observed in the majority of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who undergo deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) although the mechanisms are unclear. ⋯ Our findings indicate increased selective attention for high-caloric foods and a sweet food seeking-like behaviour after DBS particularly when the limbic proportion of the STN was stimulated.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2022
The heritability of amyloid burden in older adults: the Older Australian Twins Study.
To determine the proportional genetic contribution to the variability of cerebral β-amyloid load in older adults using the classic twin design. ⋯ Amyloid deposition, the hallmark early feature of Alzheimer's disease, is under moderate genetic influence, suggesting a major environmental contribution that may be amenable to intervention.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2022
Multiple-region grey matter atrophy as a predictor for the development of dementia in a community: the Hisayama Study.
To assess the association of regional grey matter atrophy with dementia risk in a general older Japanese population. ⋯ Our findings suggest that the total number of regions with grey matter atrophy among the medial temporal lobe, insula, hippocampus and amygdala is a significant predictor for developing dementia, especially AD, in the general older population.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Mar 2022
Interstitial laser anterior capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: lesion size and tractography correlate with outcome.
Anterior capsulotomy is a well-established treatment for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) allows creation of large, sharply demarcated lesions with the safeguard of real-time imaging. ⋯ Laser anterior capsulotomy resulted in immediate, marked improvement in OCD symptom severity. Larger lesions permit greater disconnection of prefrontal-subcortical pathways involved in OCD. The importance of greater disconnection is presumably related to variation in ALIC structure and the complex role of the PFC in OCD.