Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2023
Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and MRI measures of neuroinflammation on hippocampal volume in multiple sclerosis.
The hippocampus is a clinically relevant region where neurogenesis and neuroplasticity occur throughout the whole lifespan. Neuroinflammation and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may influence hippocampal integrity by modulating the processes promoting neurogenesis and neuroprotection that contribute to the preservation of functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of neuroinflammation and CRF on hippocampal volume in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) and progressive (P) clinical phenotypes. The influence of neuroinflammation and CRF on brain, grey matter (GM) and thalamic volumes was also assessed to determine whether the effects were specific for the hippocampus. ⋯ A higher CRF may play a specific neuroprotective role on MS patients' hippocampal integrity, but only in the RR phase of the disease.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2023
Observational StudyCerebral enhancement in MOG antibody-associated disease.
Limited data exist on brain MRI enhancement in myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and differences from aquaporin-4-IgG-positive-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder (AQP4+NMOSD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). ⋯ Enhancement is common with MOGAD cerebral attacks and often has a non-specific patchy appearance and rarely persists beyond 3 months. Leptomeningeal enhancement favours MOGAD over AQP4+NMOSD and MS.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Dec 2023
Comparison of relative change with effect size metrics in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials.
Per cent slowing of decline is frequently used as a metric of outcome in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials, but it may be misleading. Our objective was to determine whether per cent slowing of decline or Cohen's d is the more valid and informative measure of efficacy. ⋯ Standardised effect size is a more meaningful outcome than per cent slowing of decline because it determines group overlap, which can directly influence NNT computations, and yield information on the likelihood of minimum clinically important differences. In AD, greater use of effect sizes, NNTs, rather than relative per cent slowing, will improve the ability to interpret clinical trial results and evaluate the clinical meaningfulness of statistically significant results.