European journal of clinical investigation
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Apr 2024
ReviewRevisiting the beyond BMI paradigm in excess weight diagnosis and management: A call to action.
Adolphe Quételet, a 19th-century Belgian sociologist and statistician, pioneered the incorporation of statistics into social sciences. He initiated the development of anthropometry since he was interested in identifying the proportions of the 'ideal man'. He devised a ratio between weight and height, originally termed the Quételet Index, and today widely known and used as the body mass index or BMI. ⋯ While healthcare systems were originally designed to address acute illnesses, today's demands require a radical rethinking together with an original reappraisal of our diagnosis and treatment approaches from a multidimensional perspective. Embracing new methodologies is the way forward to advance the field, gain a closer look at the underlying pathophysiology of excess weight, keep the spotlight on improving diagnostic performance and demonstrate its clinical validity. In order to provide every patient with the most accurate diagnosis together with the most appropriate management, a high degree of standardization and personalization is needed.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Apr 2024
ReviewEvaluation of quality and quantity of randomized controlled trials in hepatobiliary surgery: A scoping/mapping review.
To evaluate the quantity and quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in hepatobiliary surgery and for identifying gaps in current evidences. ⋯ The quantity and quality of RCTs in hepatobiliary surgery have increased over time, but there is still room for improvement. We have identified gaps in current research that can be addressed in future studies.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Apr 2024
ReviewSex-associated differences in cardiac ageing: Clinical aspects and molecular mechanisms.
Despite the extensive clinical and scientific advances in prevention, diagnostics and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide for people aged 65 and over. Of all ageing-related diseases, CVD are responsible for almost one-third of deaths in the elderly, being above all cancers combined. Age is an independent and unavoidable risk factor contributing to the impairment of heart and blood vessels. ⋯ After menopause, however, the incidence and severity of CVD increase in women, reaching equality in both sexes. Although intrinsic sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular ageing may contribute to the sex differences in CVD progression, the molecular mechanisms associated with cardiovascular ageing and their clinical value are not known in detail. In this review, we discuss the scientific knowledge available, focusing on structural, hormonal, genetic/epigenetic and inflammatory pathways, seeking to transfer these findings to the cardiovascular clinic in terms of prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and management of these pathologies and proposing possible validation of target specifics.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Apr 2024
ReviewMicroRNA in cardiometabolic health and disease: The perspectives of sex, gender and personalised medicine.
Personalized medicine represents a novel and integrative approach that focuses on an individual's genetics and epigenetics, precision medicine, lifestyle and exposures as key players of health status and disease phenotypes. ⋯ Sex and gender play a pivotal role in precision medicine because the influence the physiology of each individual and the way they interact with environment from intrauterine life.