Lancet
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HIV-1 and malaria are common infections in Africa, and cause substantial morbidity and mortality. HIV infection has been associated with an increased incidence of malaria, and more severe disease. Our aim was to assess the effect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on the frequency of clinical malaria in people with HIV, and to measure the additive effects of co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole) prophylaxis, ART, and insecticide-treated bednets. ⋯ A combination of co-trimoxazole, antiretroviral therapy, and insecticide-treated bednets substantially reduced the frequency of malaria in adults with HIV.
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Effective vaccination against HPV 16 and HPV 18 to prevent cervical cancer will require a high level of sustained protection against infection and precancerous lesions. Our aim was to assess the long-term efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a bivalent HPV-16/18 L1 virus-like particle AS04 vaccine against incident and persistent infection with HPV 16 and HPV 18 and their associated cytological and histological outcomes. ⋯ Up to 4.5 years, the HPV-16/18 L1 virus-like particle AS04 vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe, and induces a high degree of protection against HPV-16/18 infection and associated cervical lesions. There is also evidence of cross protection.