Medicine
-
Metachondromatosis (MC) is a very rare genetic disease, which is infrequently reported worldwide, which leads to osteochondroma and enchondromatosis. The disease has been shown to be associated with loss of function of the tumor suppressor gene "protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11" (PTPN11). ⋯ This case revealed the CT and Tc-MDP SPECT/CT imaging features of MC. Specifically, SPECT/CT imaging contributed to the diagnosis of clinically asymptomatic bone lesions, and the 3D SPECT/CT fusion allowed a more comprehensive and intuitive view of the lesion by combining anatomy and function.
-
Widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients has led to improved longevity with the attendant increase in noncommunicable disease prevalence including chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study documents the prevalence of CKD in a large HIV population in Southern Nigeria. This is a single center, 15-year analysis in ART-naïve patients. ⋯ Multivariable analysis identified increasing age and CD4 count <200 cells/μL as being independently associated with CKD occurrence. This study reports a high prevalence of CKD in ART-naïve HIV-infected patients. Measures to improve diagnosis of kidney disease and ensure early initiation of treatment should be integrated in HIV treatment programmes in this setting.
-
Review Case Reports
Scrotal Paragonimiasis in adults: Two case reports and review of literature.
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragonimus in the lungs; it can be divided into intrapulmonary type and extrapulmonary type. Adult patients with scrotal paragnonimus are rarely seen clinically and not widely reported in the literature. Here, we report 2 cases of scrotal paragonimiasis in adults and their treatment process. ⋯ Adult patients with scrotum paragonimiasis are rarely seen clinically. Moreover, its clinical manifestations are not typical that leads to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Diagnosis of the disease needs to combine with disease histories, manifestations, and relevant auxiliary examinations. But the diagnosis can be confirmed only by histopathological examination. The main method for treatment of scrotal paragonimiasis is antiparasitic treatment. However, health education is crucial to prevent this disease and relapse.
-
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been considered as the first recommendation for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. A previous meta-analysis suggested that low volume PEG may improve the acceptability of ingesting bowel preparation solution. However, several limitations impaired the power of findings from this published meta-analysis, such as the variation in study design of included trials and adjuvant prescriptions. Moreover, some studies related to this topic have been published recently. And thus, the aim of this updated meta-analysis is to further assess the comparative efficacy of low volume versus standard volume of PEG on bowel preparation before colonoscopy with trial sequential analysis (TSA). ⋯ This updated systematic review and meta-analysis with TSA will further assess the comparative efficacy and safety of low-volume versus traditional standard volume PEG for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. And then, a more comprehensive evidence body on low-volume compared to standard volume PEG in bowel preparation will be constructed.
-
Brain metastasis (BM) is a rising challenge in forward-looking oncology, as its treatment choices are very limited, especially, after the failure of local treatment schemes. ⋯ We describe the significant anti-tumor effect of apatinib + CPT-11 + S-1 against BMs from breast cancer. This report is the first to suggest potential approaches to BM treatment using this scheme and describes the effects of an apatinib-containing regimen on BMs.