Medicine
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Comparative Study
Comparison of corneal endothelial cell changes after phacoemulsification between type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
The aim of this study is to compare the endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphology between diabetic mellitus (DM) and nondiabetic patients at 1 year after phacoemulsification in operated eyes and nonoperated eyes. Evaluation was performed in 28 patients (56 eyes) with type 2 diabetes and 37 patients (74 eyes) without diabetes who underwent 1-year interval cataract surgery. Using a noncontact specular microscope and Scheimpflug rotating camera, corneal parameters were analyzed before and 1 year after surgery. ⋯ Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showed a significant correlation with postoperative ECD change (r = -0.474, P = .011). The diabetic group with a longer disease duration showed significantly greater ECD decrease compared to the nondiabetic group and BUN correlated with ECD changes after phacoemulsification. Postoperative ECD loss may be high if the disease duration is long or if the BUN level is high.
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It is well-known that microRNAs are able to regulate the expression of target mRNAs through complementary base-pairing to their 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR) sequences. This study aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms resided in the 3'UTR sequences in patients with chronic hepatitis B viruses (HBV) infection are associated with the development and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3'UTR sequence of 10 genes regulated or affected by hepatitis B virus X protein were found by bioinformatics methods. ⋯ The ORs of the frequencies of rs1642742 A allele versus G allele were 1.424 (P = .038, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.019-1.989) between HBV-related HCC and chronic HBV infection group and were 2.004 (P = .037, 95%CI = 1.031-3.895) between tumor metastasis and non-metastasis group, respectively. Through multivariate regression analysis, we also found that rs1642742 AA genotype was an independent risk factor for tumor metastasis (odds ratio = 2.227, 95% CI = 1.043-4.752, P = .038) in HBV-related HCC group. Our study suggested that Von Hippel-Lindau rs1642742 contributed to susceptibility to developing HCC and correlated with tumor metastasis.
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This retrospective study appraised the preventive effect of statin after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Records were extracted for 100 patients with CAS surgery indicator, aged between 20 and 75 years old, and treated for statin. The cohort study included treatment group (statin and routine treatment) and control group (routine treatment), each group 50 patients. ⋯ After treatment, there were no significant differences in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, lipid profiles, and mortality rate between 2 groups. However, significant differences in total cholesterol (mg/dL, P = .03), low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL, P = .01), transient ischemic attack (P = .03), ischemic stroke (P = .04), and cardiac complications (P = .03) were identified within 30 days after CAS between 2 groups. The results of this study showed that prior statin treatment may be effective for the prevention of CAS complications.
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The quantification of heterogeneity for the striatum and whole brain with F-18 FP-CIT PET images will be useful for diagnosis. The index obtained from texture analysis on PET images is related to pathological change that the neuronal loss of the nigrostriatal tract is heterogeneous according to the disease state. The aim of this study is to evaluate various heterogeneity indices of F-18 FP-CIT PET images in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and to access the diagnostic accuracy of the indices using machine learning (ML). ⋯ It was confirmed that PD patients is more clearly classified than the conventional 2-dimensional quantifier by introducing a 3-dimensional phase space quantifier. We observed that ML can be used to classify the 2 groups in an easy and explanatory manner. For the discrimination of the disease, 24 heterogeneity indices were found to be statistically useful, and the major cut-off values of 3 heterogeneity indices were size-zone variability (1906.44), intensity variability (129.21), and high intensity zone emphasis (800.29).
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Gastrobronchial fistula (GBF) is a rare but life-threatening complication of esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction, and airway management during fistula repair is challenging. Here, we describe airway management in a patient undergoing left-sided GBF repair using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. ⋯ A left-sided GBF could lead to leakage from the OLV during surgery. Possible aspiration or alveolar hypoventilation due to this leakage is a major concern during airway management before surgical repair of the main bronchus.