Medicine
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Review Case Reports
A review on nondiabetic hypoglycemia from various causes: Case series report.
Hypoglycemia is common in patients with glucose regulation disorders and related diabetic treatments but is rare in nondiabetic patients. Severe hypoglycemia can cause harm to patients' cognition, consciousness, central nervous system, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, and even death. However, the most fundamental way to control hypoglycemia is to identify the cause and deal with the primary disease. This article introduces 3 cases of nondiabetic hypoglycemia with different causes, aiming to improve our understanding of nondiabetic hypoglycemia and improve the ability of early diagnosis and differential diagnosis. ⋯ Non-diabetic hypoglycemia requires further examination to clarify the cause, and the correct differential diagnosis can provide timely and effective treatment, improving the patient's prognosis.
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Carcinoid tumors (CT) are among the least studied tumors. It is a relatively rare and slow-growing tumor with good survival in its primary form. However, metastatic carcinoid tumor comes up with many different complications contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. ⋯ Being a neuroendocrine tumor, cardiovascular manifestations are mainly because of biologically active substances, produced by the tumor cells, remodeling the heart. Development of targeted therapies against carcinoid heart diseases is currently limited by lack of understanding of pathophysiology of the disease processes. In this review, we aim to figure out the spectrum of carcinoid heart diseases, along with the molecular biology of the changes going on, which, in turn, will not only pave a way to the development of targeted therapies but will also extend opportunities for molecular screening of the tumor and diagnosis at an early stage, thereby, reducing the morbidity and mortality.
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Meta Analysis
Stroke risk of COPD patients and death risk of COPD patients following a stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is closely related to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to clarify the answers to the following questions through systematic evaluation: the risk of stroke in COPD patients; the risk of stroke in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) patients; and the risk of death after stroke in COPD patients. ⋯ COPD is an independent risk factor for stroke. The risk of stroke is significantly increased, especially during AECOPD. In addition, the association between COPD and short-term death in stroke patients is insignificant, while it is more associated with fatal events in the long-term prognosis.
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Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide, causing serious harm to human health. Epigenetic modification, especially RNA methylation modification, plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer via post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA and non-coding RNA expression. Among these, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common chemical modification in mammals, which plays an important role in the progress of cancer, including colorectal cancer. m6A is a dynamic and reversible process and is mainly regulated by m6A methyltransferase ("writers"), m6A demethylases ("erasers"), and m6A binding proteins ("readers"). ⋯ Furthermore, we discussed the clinical application of m6A modifications for colorectal cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment and provided guides in clinical practice. m6A modification and m6A regulators play significant roles in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer by regulating the stability and translation of mRNAs, the maturation of miRNAs, and the function of lncRNAs. m6A regulators can play biological roles in colorectal cancer through m6A-dependent manner or m6A-independent manner. Multiplies of internal factors, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, and external factors can also regulate the m6A modification by completing with m6A regulators in a base complement manner, regulating the expression of m6A and mutating the m6A site. m6A regulators and m6A modificantion are diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC. Therefore, m6A regulators and m6A modificantion may be potential therapeutic target for CRC in the future.
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Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a severe form of sickle cell disease that primarily affects black populations and individuals in tropical countries. This condition causes significant morbidity and mortality and leads to a range of psychosocial challenges. A preliminary search was conducted on Ovid Medline and public databases with a combination of Medical Subject Headings keywords, resulting in 368 articles. ⋯ Early identification and intervention, comprehensive support programs, patient and family education, enhanced pain management strategies, and integration of mental health into clinical care are recommended. School-based support, research and advocacy, and community support groups are also important. By addressing these challenges through comprehensive care and support, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and society can reduce psychosocial distress and improve the lives of individuals with SCA.