JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Observational Study
Exome Sequencing of a Clinical Population for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Most studies of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) genetics have used kidney specialty cohorts, focusing on PKD1 and PKD2. These can lead to biased estimates of population prevalence of ADPKD-associated gene variants and their phenotypic expression. ⋯ This study demonstrates substantial genetic and phenotypic variability in ADPKD among patients within a regional health system in the US.
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Family income is known to be associated with children's health; the association may be particularly pronounced among lower-income children in the US, who tend to have more limited access to health resources than their higher-income peers. ⋯ Among children and adolescents in the US aged 5 to 17 years with family income under 200% of the federal poverty threshold who accessed health care through Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program, higher family income was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of diagnosed infections, mental health disorders, injury, asthma, anemia, and substance use disorders and lower 10-year mortality. Further research is needed to understand whether these associations are causal.
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Anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of approximately 34% in the US, are often chronic, and significantly impair quality of life and functioning. ⋯ Anxiety disorders affect approximately 34% of adults during their lifetime in the US and are associated with significant distress and impairment. First-line treatments for anxiety disorders include cognitive behavioral therapy, SSRIs such as sertraline, and SNRIs such as venlafaxine extended release.
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Labor unionization efforts have resurged in the US, and union membership has been shown to improve worker conditions in some industries. However, little is known about labor unionization membership and its economic effects across the health care workforce. ⋯ From 2009 through 2021, labor unionization among US health care workers remained low. Reported union membership or coverage was significantly associated with higher weekly earnings and better noncash benefits but greater number of weekly work hours.