British journal of clinical pharmacology
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Sep 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in relation to CYP2D6 activity.
To test the hypothesis that inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by quinidine increases the antitussive effect of dextromethorphan (DEX) in an induced cough model. ⋯ A significant antitussive effect was demonstrated after 60 mg dextromethorphan and 30 mg dextromethorphan preceded by 50 mg quinidine using an induced cough model. However, although the study was powered to detect a 10% difference in cough response, the observed differences for other contrasts were less than 10%, such that it was possible only to imply a dose effect (30 vs 60 mg) in the antitussive activity of DEX and enhancement of this effect by CYP2D6 inhibition.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics, induction of anaesthesia and safety characteristics of propofol 6% SAZN vs propofol 1% SAZN and Diprivan-10 after bolus injection.
In order to avoid the potential for elevated serum lipid levels as a consequence of long term sedation with propofol, a formulation of propofol 6% in Lipofundin(R) MCT/LCT 10% (Propofol 6% SAZN) has been developed. The pharmacokinetics, induction of anaesthesia and safety characteristics of this new formulation were investigated after bolus injection and were compared with the commercially available product (propofol 1% in Intralipid(R) 10%, Diprivan-10) and propofol 1% in Lipofundin(R) MCT/LCT 10% (Propofol 1% SAZN). ⋯ From the above results, we conclude that the alteration of the type of emulsion and the higher concentration of propofol in the new parenteral formulation of propofol does not affect the pharmacokinetics and induction characteristics of propofol, compared with the currently available product. Propofol 6% SAZN can be administered safely and has the advantage of a reduction of the load of fat and emulsifier which may be preferable when long term administration of propofol is required.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Mar 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPharmacokinetic profile of alniditan nasal spray during and outside migraine attacks.
To compare the pharmacokinetic profile of intranasal alniditan during and outside migraine attacks, and to investigate the relationship between initial rise of alniditan plasma concentration, and headache improvement. ⋯ Absorption of alniditan nasal spray was not affected by migraine attacks, although 95% confidence intervals were wide. Early rise of plasma concentrations and the amount of drug in the circulation were related to headache improvement in the higher dose group.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Sep 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of the cardiovascular effects of levobupivacaine and rac-bupivacaine following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers.
The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular effects of levobupivacaine with those of rac-bupivacaine following i.v. administration to 14 healthy male volunteers. ⋯ In conclusion, this study has shown that following i.v. administration levobupivacaine produces significantly less effects on cardiovascular function than does rac-bupivacaine. In particular the negative inotropic effect for levobupivacaine was less than that for rac-bupivacaine as indicated by changes in stroke index, acceleration index and ejection fraction.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialThe effect of duration of dose delivery with patient-controlled analgesia on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after hysterectomy.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) may be exacerbated by postoperative opioid analgesics and may limit patients' successful use of these medications when used with patient controlled analgesia (PCA). We tested the hypothesis that the rapid change in blood morphine concentration associated with PCA bolus delivery contributed to PONV, and that prolonging its delivery to a brief infusion would result in decreased PONV. ⋯ Reasons for these unexpected findings remain speculative. The high incidence of PONV appears to be inherently high in gynaecological surgery patients and standard antiemetic medication regimens appear to be poorly efficacious. Reasons for the differences in the time-course of emetic episodes between the two groups may be related to differences in the time-course of central opioid receptor occupancy.