Journal of neurosurgery
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Journal of neurosurgery · Mar 2007
Case ReportsElectrocorticographically controlled brain-computer interfaces using motor and sensory imagery in patients with temporary subdural electrode implants. Report of four cases.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology can offer individuals with severe motor disabilities greater independence and a higher quality of life. The BCI systems take recorded brain signals and translate them into real-time actions, for improved communication, movement, or perception. ⋯ Participants with electrodes over motor and/or sensory areas were able to achieve cursor control over 2 to 7 days of training. These findings indicate that sensory and other brain areas not previously considered ideal for ECoG-based control can provide additional channels of control that may be useful for a motor BCI.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Mar 2007
Prognostic value of the lateral spread response for intraoperative electromyography monitoring of the facial musculature during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.
The authors conducted a large retrospective study in which they evaluated the efficacy of intraoperative electromyography (EMG) monitoring of facial musculature during microvascular decompression (MVD) and assessed the predictive value of the lateral spread response (LSR) as a prognostic indicator for the treatment outcome of hemifacial spasm (HFS). ⋯ Facial EMG monitoring of the LSR is an effective tool to use when performing complete decompression, and it may be helpful in predicting outcomes.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Mar 2007
Case ReportsEndoscopic identification and biopsy sampling of an intraventricular malignant glioma using a 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence imaging system. Technical note.
Several neurosurgical studies have provided descriptions of the utility of fluorescence-guided tumor resection using a microscope. However, fluorescence-guided endoscopic detection of a deep-seated brain tumor has not yet been reported. The authors report their experience with an endoscopic biopsy procedure for a malignant glioma within the third ventricle using a 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence imaging system. ⋯ A 5-ALA-induced fluorescence endoscopy performed using this system allowed the intraventricular tumor to be clearly visualized as a red fluorescent lesion. Several biopsy specimens obtained from the fluorescent lesion provided a definitive histological diagnosis. The results indicate that this endoscopic system is useful in detecting an intraventricular fluorescent tumor.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Mar 2007
Neural injury and recovery near cortical contusions: a clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy can detect neural metabolic alterations noninvasively after traumatic brain injury (TBI) even in areas that appear normal. Unlike metabolic depression in diffuse TBI, focal metabolic alterations near cortical contusions in humans have not been previously investigated in a longitudinal study. The object of this study was to identify these alterations and examine their course. ⋯ Metabolic depression reflecting neural injury was apparent in subjacent normal-appearing white matter at 1 week after cortical contusion; this had normalized substantially at 1 month.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Mar 2007
Multicenter StudyOutcome following surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal involvement in preadolescent children: emphasis on mesial temporal sclerosis.
The authors conducted a multiinstitutional, retrospective analysis to better define outcome and prognostic indicators for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery for suspected mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) in young children. ⋯ Younger children with temporal lobe epilepsy have satisfying surgical outcomes, particularly when MTS is present. Magnetic resonance imaging may not be as sensitive in detecting MTS in children as in older patients. Negative predictors identified include multiple seizure types and preoperative developmental delay. Multifocal or bilateral EEG findings, high preoperative seizure frequency, and MR imaging findings inconsistent with MTS also independently suggested worse outcome.