Pain
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Evaluation of the efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen in the treatment of acute migraine attacks: a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group multicenter study.
The efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen (1000mg) in the treatment of acute migraine attacks as an alternative to parenteral application of lysine acetylsalicylate or triptans was investigated, using a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study design. Migraine diagnosis was made according to the International Headache Society Classification. Sixty patients were included in three headache outpatient centers (Neurology Departments of the Universities of Regensburg, Münster and München). ⋯ Out of these, 3 patients in the acetaminophen and 4 patients in the placebo group were painfree. After 24hours 86% of the patients reported pain relief: 24 treated with acetaminophen and 27 treated with placebo. The results indicate, that 1000mg intravenous acetaminophen is not superior to placebo in treating severe acute migraine attacks.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
The association between negative affect and opioid analgesia in patients with discogenic low back pain.
Comprised mainly of depression, anxiety, and high neuroticism, psychopathology diminishes the effectiveness of many chronic pain treatments. But, it is not known if it is associated with diminished opioid analgesia in patients with chronic, noncancer pain. We tested the hypothesis that psychopathology diminishes opioid analgesia in patients with discogenic low back pain in 60 patients not on opioids in a double blind, placebo controlled, random crossover designed trial. ⋯ A morphine minus placebo analgesia calculation revealed 59.2% TOTPAR in the LOW group vs. 21.7% in the HIGH group, P=.0001. High levels of psychopathology are associated with diminished opioid analgesia in patients with discogenic low back pain. These results have implications for the prescription of oral opioids to patients with chronic low back pain and psychopathology.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for temporomandibular disorder pain: effects on daily electronic outcome and process measures.
We used patient daily electronic ratings of outcome (activity interference, pain intensity, jaw use limitations, negative mood) and process (pain-related beliefs, catastrophizing, and coping) variables to evaluate a brief cognitive-behavioral (CB) treatment for chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. TMD clinic patients (N=158) were assigned randomly to four biweekly sessions of either CB pain management training (PMT) or an education/attention control condition [self-care management (SCM)] and were asked to complete electronic interviews three times daily for the 8-week treatment. We analyzed diary data from 126 participants who completed >50% of requested interviews for >6 weeks. ⋯ This study is novel in its application of electronic diary methods for assessing outcome and process variables in a chronic pain treatment trial, and supports the feasibility and utility of such methods. The brief CB treatment was efficacious in decreasing catastrophizing and increasing perceived control over pain, and in improving activity interference and jaw use limitations for a subgroup of patients. Longer-term follow-ups are ongoing to determine if there is an impact on outcomes over time.