Pain
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Previous studies have demonstrated that parental cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors are related to child functioning in children and adolescents with chronic pain. This is particularly important to understand how to potentially enhance the efficacy of psychological interventions for children by incorporating interventions targeting parents. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the specific parent factors that have been examined in the literature and to quantify the associations observed between parent factors and child pain and disability. ⋯ Correlation coefficients were pooled using the random-effects model. A medium relationship was observed between higher protective behavior and poorer school functioning (r = -0.39), and small relationships were found between higher parent pain catastrophizing and increased child disability (r = 0.29); higher protective behaviors and increased child disability (r = 0.25); and increased parent depression and anxiety with increased child disability (r = 0.23 and r = 0.24, respectively). Future research is needed to investigate broader parent variables and overcome methodological weaknesses in this field.