Pain
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Meta Analysis
Cognitive biases among those with frequent or chronic headaches or migraines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pattern of cognitive processing biases (ie, attentional, interpretation, and memory bias) towards headache and pain information observed in individuals with frequent or chronic headaches or migraines, compared with individuals without. We identified 11 studies (total N = 841). Most studies (10 of 11) assessed attentional bias. ⋯ Overall, the findings confirm an attentional bias for headache-related stimuli among people with headache, with some evidence for interpretation bias but equivocal evidence for a memory bias. For attentional biases, eye-tracking studies found evidence for biases in initial orienting. We provide suggestions for how to extend the current research to better understand cognitive biases in chronic headache.
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Meta Analysis
The prevalence of chronic pain in young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Previous systematic reviews have summarized the prevalence and impact of chronic pain in "average" pediatric (ie, school-age children) and adult (ie, middle-aged individuals) age groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the prevalence of chronic pain in the subgroup of individuals who fall in between established boundaries of "childhood" and "adulthood"-known as young adulthood. The goal of this research was to meta-analyze prevalence data on pain in young adults based on available data published between 2008 and 2020. ⋯ Estimates did not vary according to sex, geographic location, and several study methodological characteristics (ie, population type, sampling area, sampling year, investigation period, and assessment method). Overall, young adult chronic pain is common and should be recognized as a major public health concern. Considering the difficulties young adults face accessing adult health care, greater attention is needed to develop transition programs and evidence-based treatments tailored to the unique needs of this age group.