Neuropsychobiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Multivariate analysis of single-sweep evoked brain potentials for pharmaco-electroencephalography.
Current findings on altered evoked potentials (EPs) caused by morphine are based on common alterations for a group of subjects after drug administration. However, this ignores the analysis of individual responses, which may explain the clinical differences in efficacy. Therefore, we explored the individual responses to morphine in terms of the altered single-sweep characteristics in a placebo-controlled crossover study. To account for multifactorial mechanisms, several characteristics were assessed simultaneously by multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). ⋯ The alterations in the single-sweep EPs after morphine reflect the analgesic effect. The MVPA approach is a novel methodology for monitoring the individual efficacy of analgesics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy, safety and dose-response of pramipexole in Japanese patients with primary restless legs syndrome: randomized trial.
To assess the safety and efficacy of pramipexole in Japanese patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and to investigate factors predictive of early treatment response. ⋯ Pramipexole at 0.25-0.75 mg/day is efficacious, safe and well tolerated in Japanese patients with primary RLS.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of risperidone orodispersible tablet and intramuscular haloperidol in the treatment of acute psychotic agitation: a randomized open, prospective study.
Psychotic agitation of psychiatric patients is a common manifestation that needs emergent management. Traditionally, parenteral or intramuscular injection of antipsychotics was conducted for treatment of psychotic agitation. Considering that the rapidly absorbed form of risperidone (risperidone orodispersible tablet) could be used for the agitated patient, comparison of oral risperidone and intramuscular haloperidol was performed in emergency treatment of psychotic agitation in this study. ⋯ For the emergency treatment of psychotic agitation, risperidone orodispersible tablet was as effective and tolerable as intramuscular administration of haloperidol. Therefore, we might choose oral medication instead of intramuscular injection for treatment of patients with acute psychotic agitation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of a mandibular repositioning appliance on sleep structure, morning behavior and clinical symptomatology in patients with snoring and sleep-disordered breathing.
Mandibular repositioning appliances (MRAs) have become an established treatment for snoring and sleep-disordered breathing - though most studies only focused on the evaluation of respiratory variables. ⋯ Apart from its good therapeutic effects on snoring and respiratory variables (snoring showed complete or partial response in 68%, the apnea-hypopnea index in 67% of the apnea patients), the MRA also improved psychopathology, objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Sleep laboratory study on single and repeated dose effects of paroxetine, alprazolam and their combination in healthy young volunteers.
To evaluate the potential interaction of 20 mg paroxetine and 1 mg alprazolam (early morning once-daily administration) on polysomnographic (PSG) sleep and subjective sleep and awakening quality, both after a single intake and after reaching a steady-state concentration. ⋯ The combination of PAP and PPA presented an intermediate pattern in relation to sleep continuity, with less awaking effect than PAP alone and less hypnotic effect than PPA alone, and without developing tolerance. The PAP and PPA combination also showed a similar effect to PAP on REM sleep and was the treatment with the longest stage 2 and shortest SWS. No subjective sleep and awakening effects were seen during drug intake but subjective withdrawal reports were seen after abrupt interruption. The high agreement rate for the epoch-by-epoch comparison between automatic and human scoring confirms the validity of the Somnolyzer 24x7 and thus facilitates sleep studies in neuropsychopharmacological research.