Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 1994
ReviewBehavior in cocaine-exposed infants and children: association versus causality.
The effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infant and child development and behavior are uncertain. This ambiguity has been enhanced by the early nature of human research and suboptimal study designs. Methodological difficulty in this research, particularly in the consideration of confounding effects, has made it difficult to ascribe causal relationships. Future research must consider more precise measures of confounding.