Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Apr 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialVery-low-nicotine-content cigarettes and dependence among non-daily smokers.
The US Food and Drug Administration is considering reductions in the nicotine content of cigarettes to reduce smoking and tobacco dependence. A randomized study showed that even non-daily, intermittent smokers (ITS) reduced their cigarette consumption when switched to very-low-nicotine-content cigarettes (VLNCCs). This paper assesses whether switching ITS to VLNCCs results in decreased dependence and whether subsequent cigarette consumption is mediated by decreased dependence. ⋯ Among ITS, switching to VLNCCs results in reduced tobacco dependence. However, the reductions in dependence appear to be secondary to effects on cigarette consumption, and do not appear to be an independent predictor or cause of reduced cigarette consumption.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Apr 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialIntegrated cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD in adult substance use disorder patients: Results of a randomized clinical trial.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). Standard ADHD pharmacotherapies are not effective in patients with this comorbidity and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has not been tested in this population. This RCT aimed to compare the efficacy of Integrated CBT (CBT/Integrated) directed at adult ADHD and SUD with CBT directed at SUD only (CBT/SUD) in patients with SUD and ADHD (SUD + ADHD). ⋯ Compared to regular SUD cognitive behavioral therapy, integrated cognitive behavioral therapy resulted in a significant extra improvement in ADHD symptoms in SUD + ADHD patients.