Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jan 2020
Cannabis legalization, tobacco prevention policies, and Cannabis use in E-cigarettes among youth.
E-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among youth. As more states adopt cannabis legalization policies, youth cannabis use in e-cigarettes is a mounting concern. ⋯ Cannabis use in e-cigarettes has increased among youth, and these trends will likely continue as e-cigarettes continue to gain popularity and cannabis legalization policies proliferate. Targeted tobacco and cannabis prevention strategies are needed for youth, especially in states that have implemented cannabis 'medical and recreational laws.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jan 2020
Racial differences in overdose events and polydrug detection in Indianapolis, Indiana.
We examine racial disparities in drug overdose death rates by analyzing trends in fatal and nonfatal overdose outcomes in a large metropolitan area (Indianapolis, Indiana). ⋯ Recent racial disparities in overdose deaths are driven by a combination of fentanyl and cocaine, which disproportionally impacts African American drug users, but may be addressed through expanded harm reduction and community outreach services. Additionally, there is a need to assess the role of differing practices in overdose emergency service provision as a contributing factor to disparities.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Dec 2019
Gestational buprenorphine exposure: Effects on pregnancy, development, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, and behavior in a translational rodent model.
The opioid crisis has led to an increased number of pregnant opioid-dependent women receiving opioid-maintenance therapy (e.g. buprenorphine, BUP), but little is known about the consequences of gestational BUP exposure on pregnancy outcomes, maternal care, or offspring development. ⋯ These results demonstrate that the therapeutic BUP-LD in rats was relatively safe with subtle effects on maternal care and rodent offspring. However, overexposure BUP-HD in rats produced NOWS and compromised maternal caregiving as well as rodent offspring survival. More research is critical to validate the translational implication of these findings for human opioid-dependent mothers maintained on BUP-maintenance therapy.
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The subjective experience of drug craving is a prominent and common clinical phenomenon for many individuals diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD), and could be a valuable clinical endpoint in medication development studies. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview and critical analysis of opioid craving assessments located in the published literature examining OUD. ⋯ This review identified a variety of opioid craving assessments, but few had been evaluated for their psychometric properties making it difficult to ascertain whether craving is being assessed optimally in studies of OUD. Thus, the development of a reliable and valid opioid craving assessment would be worthwhile and could be guided by recently published Food and Drug Administration Clinical Outcome Assessment (COA) guidelines. Importantly, a COA focused on opioid craving could be a valuable addition to research studies designed to evaluate novel treatments for OUD.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Dec 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialAcute and residual effects of smoked cannabis: Impact on driving speed and lateral control, heart rate, and self-reported drug effects.
Although driving under the influence of cannabis is increasingly common among young adults, little is known about residual effects on driver behavior. This study examined acute and residual effects of smoked cannabis on simulated driving performance of young cannabis users. ⋯ Acutely, cannabis caused decreased speed, increased heart rate, and increases in VAS drug effect and drug high. There was no evidence of residual effects on these measures over the two days following cannabis administration.